MIMG 185 Final Exam with precise |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
detailed solutions |!!
What role does B cells play in? - correct answer✔✔- Innate and adaptive
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
immunity
What are the 3 known subsets of B cells and what immunity do they play
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
in? - correct answer✔✔- B1: Innate immunity
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- B2 (conventional): Adaptive Immunity
|!! |!! |!! |!!
- Marginal Zone B cells: Innate and Adaptive immunity
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
What subsets is B-1 B cells divided into and what do they both contain? -
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
correct answer✔✔- B-1a expressing protein CD5
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- B-1b that do not express CD5
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Both are high in IgM
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Important to know B-1 B cells sometimes express CD5 (marker for T
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
cells)
Describe B-1 B cells and their location? - correct answer✔✔- Long-lived
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
and self-renewing
|!!
- Develops early in ontogeny from fetal omentum and liver
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- After birth, stems cell for B-1 are NOT present in bone marrow
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- In adults, they are found predominately in peritoneal and pleural cavities
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Rare in spleen and absent from lymph node and peripheral blood
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Describe the variability of the B-1 B cells and what they produce - correct
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
answer✔✔- Limited V region repertoire |!! |!! |!! |!!
,- Lots of self-reactivity
|!! |!! |!!
- Recognition of bacterial antigens (phosphorylcholine)
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Broad specificity and low affinity
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Produce specifities encoded in germline with no N region insertion and
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
little somatic mutation |!! |!!
- Produce large amounts of antibody (>50% of all antibodies in serume)
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Responsible for majority of non-immune serum IgM and constribute to
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
resting IgA |!!
- If you immunize your reaction, there will be IgM present that is non-
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
immune cause of B-1 B cells |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
What type of responses does B-1 B cells have and do they require T cell
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
help? - correct answer✔✔- Does not require T cell help
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- TI-2: make antibody response to polysaccharide Ags found on bacteria
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Plays role in innate response to infection (Abs mostly germline encoded)
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Rapid response: Makes Abs within 48 hours of antigen exposure (due to
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
bacterial antigen) |!!
- Without T cell help, do not isotype switch (although some IgA) and no
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
memory
What is the origin of B-1 B cells and what role does it play in autoimmune
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
disease? - correct answer✔✔- Hypothesized to be primitive B cells
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- In mice, at birth predominately B-1 but later B-2 dominates
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Abundant in autoimmune disease (specficity is often self-reactive)
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- B-1 cells origin for human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, typically
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
express CD5 |!!
B-2 B cells arise from where and how do they generate and play a role in
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
the immune response? - correct answer✔✔- Principle B cells in secondary
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes) |!! |!! |!! |!!
,- Arise from fetal liver and bone marrow in adult
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Stem cells continually generate
|!! |!! |!! |!!
- Principal B cells in adaptive immune response
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Explain the variability of B-2 cells and if they need T cell help or not? -
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
correct answer✔✔- Have extensive variable region repertoire generated
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
somatically
- Requires T cell help, therefore have isotype swtich and memory
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Recirculates through B cell rich lymphoide follicles
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- TD antigen responses in germinal center
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Where are Marginal zone (MZ) B cells found and what role do they play? -
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
correct answer✔✔- Originate in bone marrow from same precursors as B-2
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
B cells |!!
- Found in marginal zone of the spleen
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Participate both in TI and TD antibody responses
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Contribute to natural IgM present
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Memory B cells also found in marginal zone
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Contain somatic mutations (like B-2)
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Response to blood-borne antigens
|!! |!! |!! |!!
- Produce antibody response to polysaccharide Ags of blood-borne bacteria
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
What two types of B cells are developed in the bone marrow and what are
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
found in the Marginal Zone of the spleen and of the Follicular? - correct
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
answer✔✔- Two types of B cells develop in the bone marrow: B-2 and MZ-
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
B
- Marginal Zone: B cells found here in spleen --> B1 and MZ B cells
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
participate in TI response making natural IgM present (innate). MZ B cells
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
participate in TD responses (adapative) too |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
, - Follicular: Majority of B cells that recirculate through B cell rich lymphoid
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
follicles and participate in TD Ag Response
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
What happens in B cell development in the bone marrow? - correct
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
answer✔✔- In fetus, before there is a BM, hematopoiesis takes place in
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
the liver |!!
- Fetal live shuts off, stem cells migrate to bone marrow and Ig gene
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
rearrangement occurs for B cell differentiation |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- At bone marrow, stem cells persist around periphery of hollow bone
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
space
- Stem cells divide and migrate toward large vein in center of the bone
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
(require bone marrow matrix to divide) |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Spongy matrix of reticular cells, macrophages, and other supporting cells
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
produce growth/ differentiation factors to guide development
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Antigen- Independent - correct answer✔✔ |!! |!! |!! |!!
What signal allows Pro-B cells to differentiate into immature B cells? -
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
correct answer✔✔- Adhesion molecules VLA-4 on Pro-B cells interacts with
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
VCAM-1 receptor on bone marrow stromal cells, signaling for development
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- c-Kit on Pro-B cells interact with stem-cell factor (SCF) on bone marrow
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
stromal cell activating c-Kit, causing Pro-B to divide into Pre-B cell
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Pre-B cells express IL-7 receptor and IL-7 produced by stromal cells drive
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
maturation. Immature B cells then express IgM on their surface |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
What are the two phases of B cell maturation? - correct answer✔✔-
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Antigen Independent |!!
- Antigen Dependent
|!! |!!
What happens in the Antigen Independent stage? - correct answer✔✔-
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
B220 marker on all B cell until they become plasma cells
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
detailed solutions |!!
What role does B cells play in? - correct answer✔✔- Innate and adaptive
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
immunity
What are the 3 known subsets of B cells and what immunity do they play
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
in? - correct answer✔✔- B1: Innate immunity
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- B2 (conventional): Adaptive Immunity
|!! |!! |!! |!!
- Marginal Zone B cells: Innate and Adaptive immunity
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
What subsets is B-1 B cells divided into and what do they both contain? -
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
correct answer✔✔- B-1a expressing protein CD5
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- B-1b that do not express CD5
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Both are high in IgM
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Important to know B-1 B cells sometimes express CD5 (marker for T
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
cells)
Describe B-1 B cells and their location? - correct answer✔✔- Long-lived
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
and self-renewing
|!!
- Develops early in ontogeny from fetal omentum and liver
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- After birth, stems cell for B-1 are NOT present in bone marrow
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- In adults, they are found predominately in peritoneal and pleural cavities
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Rare in spleen and absent from lymph node and peripheral blood
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Describe the variability of the B-1 B cells and what they produce - correct
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
answer✔✔- Limited V region repertoire |!! |!! |!! |!!
,- Lots of self-reactivity
|!! |!! |!!
- Recognition of bacterial antigens (phosphorylcholine)
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Broad specificity and low affinity
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Produce specifities encoded in germline with no N region insertion and
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
little somatic mutation |!! |!!
- Produce large amounts of antibody (>50% of all antibodies in serume)
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Responsible for majority of non-immune serum IgM and constribute to
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
resting IgA |!!
- If you immunize your reaction, there will be IgM present that is non-
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
immune cause of B-1 B cells |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
What type of responses does B-1 B cells have and do they require T cell
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
help? - correct answer✔✔- Does not require T cell help
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- TI-2: make antibody response to polysaccharide Ags found on bacteria
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Plays role in innate response to infection (Abs mostly germline encoded)
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Rapid response: Makes Abs within 48 hours of antigen exposure (due to
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
bacterial antigen) |!!
- Without T cell help, do not isotype switch (although some IgA) and no
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
memory
What is the origin of B-1 B cells and what role does it play in autoimmune
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
disease? - correct answer✔✔- Hypothesized to be primitive B cells
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- In mice, at birth predominately B-1 but later B-2 dominates
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Abundant in autoimmune disease (specficity is often self-reactive)
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- B-1 cells origin for human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, typically
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
express CD5 |!!
B-2 B cells arise from where and how do they generate and play a role in
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
the immune response? - correct answer✔✔- Principle B cells in secondary
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes) |!! |!! |!! |!!
,- Arise from fetal liver and bone marrow in adult
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Stem cells continually generate
|!! |!! |!! |!!
- Principal B cells in adaptive immune response
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Explain the variability of B-2 cells and if they need T cell help or not? -
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
correct answer✔✔- Have extensive variable region repertoire generated
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
somatically
- Requires T cell help, therefore have isotype swtich and memory
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Recirculates through B cell rich lymphoide follicles
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- TD antigen responses in germinal center
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Where are Marginal zone (MZ) B cells found and what role do they play? -
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
correct answer✔✔- Originate in bone marrow from same precursors as B-2
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
B cells |!!
- Found in marginal zone of the spleen
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Participate both in TI and TD antibody responses
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Contribute to natural IgM present
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Memory B cells also found in marginal zone
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Contain somatic mutations (like B-2)
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Response to blood-borne antigens
|!! |!! |!! |!!
- Produce antibody response to polysaccharide Ags of blood-borne bacteria
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
What two types of B cells are developed in the bone marrow and what are
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
found in the Marginal Zone of the spleen and of the Follicular? - correct
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
answer✔✔- Two types of B cells develop in the bone marrow: B-2 and MZ-
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
B
- Marginal Zone: B cells found here in spleen --> B1 and MZ B cells
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
participate in TI response making natural IgM present (innate). MZ B cells
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
participate in TD responses (adapative) too |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
, - Follicular: Majority of B cells that recirculate through B cell rich lymphoid
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
follicles and participate in TD Ag Response
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
What happens in B cell development in the bone marrow? - correct
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
answer✔✔- In fetus, before there is a BM, hematopoiesis takes place in
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
the liver |!!
- Fetal live shuts off, stem cells migrate to bone marrow and Ig gene
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
rearrangement occurs for B cell differentiation |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- At bone marrow, stem cells persist around periphery of hollow bone
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
space
- Stem cells divide and migrate toward large vein in center of the bone
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
(require bone marrow matrix to divide) |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Spongy matrix of reticular cells, macrophages, and other supporting cells
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
produce growth/ differentiation factors to guide development
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Antigen- Independent - correct answer✔✔ |!! |!! |!! |!!
What signal allows Pro-B cells to differentiate into immature B cells? -
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
correct answer✔✔- Adhesion molecules VLA-4 on Pro-B cells interacts with
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
VCAM-1 receptor on bone marrow stromal cells, signaling for development
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- c-Kit on Pro-B cells interact with stem-cell factor (SCF) on bone marrow
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
stromal cell activating c-Kit, causing Pro-B to divide into Pre-B cell
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
- Pre-B cells express IL-7 receptor and IL-7 produced by stromal cells drive
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
maturation. Immature B cells then express IgM on their surface |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
What are the two phases of B cell maturation? - correct answer✔✔-
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Antigen Independent |!!
- Antigen Dependent
|!! |!!
What happens in the Antigen Independent stage? - correct answer✔✔-
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
B220 marker on all B cell until they become plasma cells
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
