8/13/25, 5:34 PM SYG2000 Final Exam Review
SYG2000 Final Exam Review 2025-2026 \latest version
complete questions and accurate detailed answers
"New" in the sense that social movements have
New social movements existed for centuries. NSMs typically include most
(NSMs) movements since 1960. Instead of movements focused
on economic concerns, NSMs tend to focus on social
changes in identity, lifestyle and culture
Technology
Common sources of Social Institutions Population
social change Environment (nature)
(interrelated):
an interpretative framework, to increase understanding
Scientific Method of societies and social interactions, but research begins
with the search for an answer to a question. Based on
developing and testing theories based on empirical
evidence.
a way to explain different aspects of social interactions
Theories
and to create a testable proposition.
evidence that comes from direct experience,
Empirical Evidence
scientifically gathered data, or experimentation.
Evidence based on observation.
Interpretative Framework seeks to understand social worlds from the point of view
(aka Interpretive of participants, which leads to in-depth knowledge.
Perspective)
1. Exploration
Three Purposes of Research 2. Description
3. Explanation
1) To satisfy curiosities; to better understand
Exploration Research 2) To test the feasibility of a project
3) To develop methods to be used in the future
1) Answers the questions "What? When? Where? How?"
Description 2) Aims to count, chronicle, characterize
3) Many qualitative studies aim for description
1) Answers the question "Why?"
Explanation
2) Most common peer-reviewed research
1/9
, 8/13/25, 5:34 PM SYG2000 Final Exam Review
general to the more specific or "top-
Deductive Approach
down" approach. Ex: The Scientific
Method
from specific observations to broader generalizations
Inductive Approach and theories or "bottom-up" approach.
Ex: Interpretitive Framework
Quantitative Data represent research collected in numerical form that can be
counted.
comprise information that is subjective and often based
Qualitative Data
on what is seen in a natural setting.
Independent Variables variables that cause changes in dependent variables.
Dependent Variables a variable changed by other variables.
a precise description of how concepts will be defined
Operational definition
and measured (Ex: Reliability and Validity)
the physical or physiological differences between males
Sex and females, including both primary sex characteristics
(the reproductive system) and secondary characteristics
such as height and muscularity
a term that refers to social or cultural distinctions of
Gender
behaviors that are considered male or female
Gender Identity a person's deeply held internal perception of his or her gender.
refers to society's concept of how men and women are
Gender Roles expected to look and how they should behave.
(Ex: Double Standard)
the concept that prohibits premarital sexual intercourse
Double Standards
for women but allows it for men
the performance of tasks based upon the gender
"Doing Gender"
assigned to us by society and, in turn, ourselves.
when the physical characteristics that determine sex
are "non-congruent" ('not expected/assumed')
Intersex
Ex: Men who have more feminine characteristics than
the average male such as less hair on their body,
softer hands, or nice nails.
When sex and gender identities align in the expected
Cisgender
way (this is a socially constructed assumption!)
an adjective that describes individuals who identify with
Transgender
the behaviors and characteristics that are other than
2/9
SYG2000 Final Exam Review 2025-2026 \latest version
complete questions and accurate detailed answers
"New" in the sense that social movements have
New social movements existed for centuries. NSMs typically include most
(NSMs) movements since 1960. Instead of movements focused
on economic concerns, NSMs tend to focus on social
changes in identity, lifestyle and culture
Technology
Common sources of Social Institutions Population
social change Environment (nature)
(interrelated):
an interpretative framework, to increase understanding
Scientific Method of societies and social interactions, but research begins
with the search for an answer to a question. Based on
developing and testing theories based on empirical
evidence.
a way to explain different aspects of social interactions
Theories
and to create a testable proposition.
evidence that comes from direct experience,
Empirical Evidence
scientifically gathered data, or experimentation.
Evidence based on observation.
Interpretative Framework seeks to understand social worlds from the point of view
(aka Interpretive of participants, which leads to in-depth knowledge.
Perspective)
1. Exploration
Three Purposes of Research 2. Description
3. Explanation
1) To satisfy curiosities; to better understand
Exploration Research 2) To test the feasibility of a project
3) To develop methods to be used in the future
1) Answers the questions "What? When? Where? How?"
Description 2) Aims to count, chronicle, characterize
3) Many qualitative studies aim for description
1) Answers the question "Why?"
Explanation
2) Most common peer-reviewed research
1/9
, 8/13/25, 5:34 PM SYG2000 Final Exam Review
general to the more specific or "top-
Deductive Approach
down" approach. Ex: The Scientific
Method
from specific observations to broader generalizations
Inductive Approach and theories or "bottom-up" approach.
Ex: Interpretitive Framework
Quantitative Data represent research collected in numerical form that can be
counted.
comprise information that is subjective and often based
Qualitative Data
on what is seen in a natural setting.
Independent Variables variables that cause changes in dependent variables.
Dependent Variables a variable changed by other variables.
a precise description of how concepts will be defined
Operational definition
and measured (Ex: Reliability and Validity)
the physical or physiological differences between males
Sex and females, including both primary sex characteristics
(the reproductive system) and secondary characteristics
such as height and muscularity
a term that refers to social or cultural distinctions of
Gender
behaviors that are considered male or female
Gender Identity a person's deeply held internal perception of his or her gender.
refers to society's concept of how men and women are
Gender Roles expected to look and how they should behave.
(Ex: Double Standard)
the concept that prohibits premarital sexual intercourse
Double Standards
for women but allows it for men
the performance of tasks based upon the gender
"Doing Gender"
assigned to us by society and, in turn, ourselves.
when the physical characteristics that determine sex
are "non-congruent" ('not expected/assumed')
Intersex
Ex: Men who have more feminine characteristics than
the average male such as less hair on their body,
softer hands, or nice nails.
When sex and gender identities align in the expected
Cisgender
way (this is a socially constructed assumption!)
an adjective that describes individuals who identify with
Transgender
the behaviors and characteristics that are other than
2/9
