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Module 1 – Aging Fundamentals & Health Promotion
• Physiological changes of aging
• Comprehensive geriatric assessment
• Preventive care & screening guidelines for older adults
• Telehealth & technology in geriatric care
• Polypharmacy & deprescribing strategies
Module 2 – Cardiovascular & Respiratory Health
• Hypertension, CHF, CAD in older adults
• COPD, asthma, pneumonia
• Atrial fibrillation management
• Oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation
• Smoking cessation in older adults
Module 3 – Hematologic & Oncologic Concerns
• Anemia types and workup in elderly
• Hematologic malignancies (lymphoma, leukemia)
• Solid tumors common in geriatrics (lung, colorectal, breast, prostate)
• Cancer screening recommendations
• Palliative oncology concepts
Module 4 – Gastrointestinal & Mental Health Disorders
, • Constipation, GERD, peptic ulcer disease
• Diverticular disease, colorectal cancer
• Depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder in older adults
• Dementia vs delirium vs depression
• Screening tools for mental health in geriatrics
Module 5 – Musculoskeletal & Genitourinary Health
• Osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, gout, polymyalgia rheumatica
• Falls and fracture prevention
• Urinary incontinence types & management
• BPH & prostate health in men
• Sexual health in older adults
Module 6 – Endocrine, Metabolic & Nutritional Concerns
• Diabetes management in older adults
• Thyroid disease (hypo/hyperthyroidism)
• Adrenal insufficiency, pituitary disorders
• Hyperlipidemia, obesity, malnutrition
• Vitamin & mineral deficiencies
Module 7 – Neurological Disorders, Elder Abuse, & Safety
• Stroke, Parkinson’s, seizure disorders
• Neuropathies & chronic pain syndromes
• Elder abuse recognition and reporting
• Home safety & fall prevention
• Driving safety in older adults
Module 8 – Ethics, Palliative, & End-of-Life Care
• Ethical principles in geriatric care (autonomy, beneficence, justice)
• Advance care planning & goals-of-care discussions
, • Hospice vs palliative care
• Symptom management at end of life (pain, dyspnea, agitation)
• Cultural considerations in end-of-life care
Which cardiovascular changes are normal with aging?
Increased arterial stiffness
Left ventricular wall thickening
Decreased maximum heart rate
Increased stroke volume
2. Which respiratory changes are age-related?
Reduced vital capacity
Decreased chest wall compliance
Weaker respiratory muscles
Increased alveolar surface area
3. Which renal changes occur in normal aging?
Decreased GFR
Impaired sodium conservation
Reduced concentrating ability
Increased renal plasma flow
4. Which musculoskeletal changes are typical in older adults?
Sarcopenia
Reduced bone density
Loss of joint cartilage
Increased muscle elasticity
5. Which sensory changes occur with normal aging?
Presbycusis (loss of high-frequency hearing)
Presbyopia (reduced near vision)
Reduced taste sensitivity
Improved night vision
6. Which GI changes are normal in aging?
Slower gastric emptying
, Reduced gastric acid secretion
Decreased esophageal motility
Increased hepatic blood flow
7. Which endocrine changes are expected with aging?
Reduced insulin sensitivity
Decreased growth hormone
Increased parathyroid hormone
Increased T3 levels
8. Which immune system changes occur with aging?
Decreased T-cell function
Increased autoantibody production
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Enhanced vaccine response
9. Which skin changes are common in aging?
Thinning dermis
Loss of skin elasticity
Reduced sweat gland activity
Increased collagen production
10. Which neurological changes are age-associated?
Slowed nerve conduction
Reduced reflex speed
Impaired proprioception
Increased brain volume
Topic 2: Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)
1. Which domains are typically included in a CGA?
Physical health
Functional status
Cognitive status
Social support
2. Which functional status tools are used in CGA?
Katz Index of ADLs