B260 Study Guide – Exam 1
Comfort
1. Differences between acute pain, chronic pain, end-of-life pain and fibromyalgia pain
a. Acute Pain
i. Sudden onset
ii. Lasts only through recovery (30 days to 6 months)
b. Chronic Pain
i. Lasts longer than 6 months.
ii. Persists beyond expected healing period.
iii. Patient have right to adequate assessment, management of pain
c. End-of-life Pain
i. Physical, mental, emotional comfort
ii. Social support
iii. Given to those living with and dying of advanced illness.
iv. Nurses have a great impact.
1. Activities of Daily Living
2. Providing information
3. Emotional and spiritual support
4. Helping families make ethical decisions.
d. Fibromyalgia Pain
i. Widespread musculoskeletal pain
ii. Fatigue
iii. Numbness, tingling extremities.
iv. Multiple tender points in precise areas
v. No cure, treatment of symptoms
2. Ways to comfort a child
a. Involve children in describing comfort.
b. Demonstrate procedure on patient if possible.
c. Comfort by hugging, holding hands, giving treats.
d. Allow the child to sit on the parent's lap.
3. Diagnostic tests and their significance
a. Can catch underlying causes
b. Can be:
i. X-rays
ii. Blood tests
iii. Sleep studies
4. Occupational risks and nursing interventions
Sleep-rest
1. Common sleep disorders
a. Sleep loss - sleep less than 7 to 8 hours
b. Sleep apnea - breathing pauses during sleep
c. Insomnia - difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
d. Narcolepsy - unexpected and unusual falling asleep patterns
e. Parasomnias - unpleasant or undesirable behaviors (sleepwalking, sleep terrors)
, f. Restless Leg Syndrome - neurological disorder that results in an irresistible urge
to move the legs, resulting in impaired sleep habits
2. Sleep problems across the lifespan
a. Newborns
i. Sleep on irregular schedule, spend 1-3 hours awake
ii. Enter REM sleep immediately
b. Infants
i. Wake every 3 to 4 hours
ii. Half of time asleep is in light sleep
iii. Need naps throughout the day
c. Toddlers
i. Still need afternoon naps
ii. Nighttime fears and Nightmares become more common
iii. Resistance to going to bed
d. Preschoolers
i. Sleep patterns fluctuate in relation to activity and growth spurts
ii. Dislike bedtime
e. School-age
i. Receive less than recommended sleep due to demands (homework, sports)
ii. Caffeinated beverages
iii. Higher screen times
f. Adolescents
i. Only 15% of teens slept 8.5 hours on school nights
ii. Naturally not to fall asleep until 11 p.m.
iii. Sleep deprivation begins with less sleep
g. Pregnant Women
i. Finds she needs more sleep during first trimester
ii. Size of the baby can make is hard to get comfortable
h. Adults
i. Need different amounts of sleep
ii. Unhealthy sleep patterns
i. Older Adult
i. Increase in disturbed sleep
ii. Quality of life - healthier adults slept more with better quality
3. Chronic fatigue syndrome
a. Associated with chronic condition.
b. Situation is not resolved quickly.
c. Poor lifestyle habits.
d. Severe tiredness lasting longer than 6 months.
e. Not caused by a primary condition.
f. Not relieved by stress reduction.
g. Not feeling rested after adequate sleep.
h. Forgetfulness, confusion, inability to concentrate, mild headache.
i. Joint and muscle symptoms.
j. Sore throat, lymph nodes.
4. Disturbed sleep pattern
Comfort
1. Differences between acute pain, chronic pain, end-of-life pain and fibromyalgia pain
a. Acute Pain
i. Sudden onset
ii. Lasts only through recovery (30 days to 6 months)
b. Chronic Pain
i. Lasts longer than 6 months.
ii. Persists beyond expected healing period.
iii. Patient have right to adequate assessment, management of pain
c. End-of-life Pain
i. Physical, mental, emotional comfort
ii. Social support
iii. Given to those living with and dying of advanced illness.
iv. Nurses have a great impact.
1. Activities of Daily Living
2. Providing information
3. Emotional and spiritual support
4. Helping families make ethical decisions.
d. Fibromyalgia Pain
i. Widespread musculoskeletal pain
ii. Fatigue
iii. Numbness, tingling extremities.
iv. Multiple tender points in precise areas
v. No cure, treatment of symptoms
2. Ways to comfort a child
a. Involve children in describing comfort.
b. Demonstrate procedure on patient if possible.
c. Comfort by hugging, holding hands, giving treats.
d. Allow the child to sit on the parent's lap.
3. Diagnostic tests and their significance
a. Can catch underlying causes
b. Can be:
i. X-rays
ii. Blood tests
iii. Sleep studies
4. Occupational risks and nursing interventions
Sleep-rest
1. Common sleep disorders
a. Sleep loss - sleep less than 7 to 8 hours
b. Sleep apnea - breathing pauses during sleep
c. Insomnia - difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
d. Narcolepsy - unexpected and unusual falling asleep patterns
e. Parasomnias - unpleasant or undesirable behaviors (sleepwalking, sleep terrors)
, f. Restless Leg Syndrome - neurological disorder that results in an irresistible urge
to move the legs, resulting in impaired sleep habits
2. Sleep problems across the lifespan
a. Newborns
i. Sleep on irregular schedule, spend 1-3 hours awake
ii. Enter REM sleep immediately
b. Infants
i. Wake every 3 to 4 hours
ii. Half of time asleep is in light sleep
iii. Need naps throughout the day
c. Toddlers
i. Still need afternoon naps
ii. Nighttime fears and Nightmares become more common
iii. Resistance to going to bed
d. Preschoolers
i. Sleep patterns fluctuate in relation to activity and growth spurts
ii. Dislike bedtime
e. School-age
i. Receive less than recommended sleep due to demands (homework, sports)
ii. Caffeinated beverages
iii. Higher screen times
f. Adolescents
i. Only 15% of teens slept 8.5 hours on school nights
ii. Naturally not to fall asleep until 11 p.m.
iii. Sleep deprivation begins with less sleep
g. Pregnant Women
i. Finds she needs more sleep during first trimester
ii. Size of the baby can make is hard to get comfortable
h. Adults
i. Need different amounts of sleep
ii. Unhealthy sleep patterns
i. Older Adult
i. Increase in disturbed sleep
ii. Quality of life - healthier adults slept more with better quality
3. Chronic fatigue syndrome
a. Associated with chronic condition.
b. Situation is not resolved quickly.
c. Poor lifestyle habits.
d. Severe tiredness lasting longer than 6 months.
e. Not caused by a primary condition.
f. Not relieved by stress reduction.
g. Not feeling rested after adequate sleep.
h. Forgetfulness, confusion, inability to concentrate, mild headache.
i. Joint and muscle symptoms.
j. Sore throat, lymph nodes.
4. Disturbed sleep pattern
