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PN4001FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
2025-2026
Competence - The ability to perform duties effectively, safely, and ethically.
Example: A nurse performing a sterile dressing change correctly.
Competencies - A set of skills, knowledge, and abilities required to practice safely
and effectively. Example: Communication, critical thinking, and technical skills for
nursing practice.
Consent - A patient's voluntary agreement to a treatment or procedure after
receiving all necessary information. Example: A patient signing a form before
surgery.
Collaboration - The process of healthcare professionals working together to provide
the best patient care. Example: A nurse, doctor, and pharmacist coordinating a
medication plan for a diabetic patient.
Critical Thinking - The ability to analyze information, evaluate options, and make
sound decisions in complex situations. Example: A nurse deciding to escalate care
for a patient with worsening symptoms.
Decision Support Tools - Tools used to guide healthcare providers in making clinical
decisions. Example: A sepsis protocol chart in the emergency department.
Delegation - Assigning tasks to another healthcare provider while retaining
responsibility for the outcome. Example: An RN assigning an LPN to administer oral
medications.
Established Care Needs - Predictable and routine care that aligns with a patient's
diagnosis or condition. Example: Monitoring blood glucose levels in a diabetic
patient.
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Ethical - Following moral principles and values in practice. Example: Respecting a
patient's decision to refuse treatment.
Evidence - Information derived from research or clinical data to support decisions.
Example: Using a peer-reviewed study to choose the best treatment for pressure
ulcers.
Health - A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease. Example: A patient maintaining a balanced diet and regular
exercise.
Healthcare Team - A group of professionals with diverse roles collaborating to
deliver patient care. Example: A care team including nurses, social workers, and
occupational therapists.
Health Promotion - Activities aimed at improving health and preventing disease.
Example: Teaching a smoking cessation class.
Judgment - Using knowledge and experience to make decisions in patient care.
Example: Deciding to call a code blue for a patient in respiratory distress.
Knowledge - Information and understanding gained through education and
experience. Example: A nurse understanding pharmacokinetics to safely administer
medications.
Limits and Conditions - Restrictions placed on a healthcare professional's practice by
regulations or policies. Example: LPNs being restricted from administering certain IV
medications.
Assault - Threatening or attempting harm without consent. Example: A nurse raising
their hand in anger toward a patient.
Unregulated Healthcare Providers - Individuals who provide care but are not
governed by a regulatory body. Example: Personal support workers.
Battery - Intentional physical contact without consent. Example: Administering an
injection against a patient's wishes.
Tort - A legal term for a civil wrong that causes harm to another person. Example: A
malpractice lawsuit for improper care.
Autonomy - The right of individuals to make their own healthcare decisions.
Example: A patient choosing not to undergo chemotherapy.
Beneficence - Acting in the best interest of the patient. Example: Providing pain relief
for a terminally ill patient.
PN4001FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
2025-2026
Competence - The ability to perform duties effectively, safely, and ethically.
Example: A nurse performing a sterile dressing change correctly.
Competencies - A set of skills, knowledge, and abilities required to practice safely
and effectively. Example: Communication, critical thinking, and technical skills for
nursing practice.
Consent - A patient's voluntary agreement to a treatment or procedure after
receiving all necessary information. Example: A patient signing a form before
surgery.
Collaboration - The process of healthcare professionals working together to provide
the best patient care. Example: A nurse, doctor, and pharmacist coordinating a
medication plan for a diabetic patient.
Critical Thinking - The ability to analyze information, evaluate options, and make
sound decisions in complex situations. Example: A nurse deciding to escalate care
for a patient with worsening symptoms.
Decision Support Tools - Tools used to guide healthcare providers in making clinical
decisions. Example: A sepsis protocol chart in the emergency department.
Delegation - Assigning tasks to another healthcare provider while retaining
responsibility for the outcome. Example: An RN assigning an LPN to administer oral
medications.
Established Care Needs - Predictable and routine care that aligns with a patient's
diagnosis or condition. Example: Monitoring blood glucose levels in a diabetic
patient.
, 2 | Page
Ethical - Following moral principles and values in practice. Example: Respecting a
patient's decision to refuse treatment.
Evidence - Information derived from research or clinical data to support decisions.
Example: Using a peer-reviewed study to choose the best treatment for pressure
ulcers.
Health - A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease. Example: A patient maintaining a balanced diet and regular
exercise.
Healthcare Team - A group of professionals with diverse roles collaborating to
deliver patient care. Example: A care team including nurses, social workers, and
occupational therapists.
Health Promotion - Activities aimed at improving health and preventing disease.
Example: Teaching a smoking cessation class.
Judgment - Using knowledge and experience to make decisions in patient care.
Example: Deciding to call a code blue for a patient in respiratory distress.
Knowledge - Information and understanding gained through education and
experience. Example: A nurse understanding pharmacokinetics to safely administer
medications.
Limits and Conditions - Restrictions placed on a healthcare professional's practice by
regulations or policies. Example: LPNs being restricted from administering certain IV
medications.
Assault - Threatening or attempting harm without consent. Example: A nurse raising
their hand in anger toward a patient.
Unregulated Healthcare Providers - Individuals who provide care but are not
governed by a regulatory body. Example: Personal support workers.
Battery - Intentional physical contact without consent. Example: Administering an
injection against a patient's wishes.
Tort - A legal term for a civil wrong that causes harm to another person. Example: A
malpractice lawsuit for improper care.
Autonomy - The right of individuals to make their own healthcare decisions.
Example: A patient choosing not to undergo chemotherapy.
Beneficence - Acting in the best interest of the patient. Example: Providing pain relief
for a terminally ill patient.
