Nightingale College Pathophysiology
Midterm 2025/2026 Exam Questions and
Answers | 100% Solved
Pathophysiology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The study of the underlying changes in body
physiology (molecular, cellular, and organ systems) that result from disease or
injury.
Pathology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The investigation of structural alterations in cells,
tissues, and organs, which can help identify the cause of a particular disease.
Diagnosis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The naming or identification of a disease - is made
from an evaluation of the evidence accumulated from the presenting signs and
symptoms, health and medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and
imaging.
Etiology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The study of the CAUSE of disease
,Epidemiology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The study of tracking patterns or disease
occurrence and transmission among populations and by geographic areas
Nucleus - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g.,
growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the
hereditary information
Cytoplasm - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical
reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the
cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out
in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Ribosomes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Specializes in synthesis, folding, and
transport of protein and lipid components of most organelles. A new role is sensing
cellular stress.
Golgi apparatus - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Responsible for processing and packaging
proteins onto secretory vesicles that break away from the complex and migrate to
various intracellular and extracellular destinations, including plasma membrane.
, Lysosomes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
(sugars).
Peroxisomes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol,
hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
Mitochondria - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of
ATP (energy) production
Cytoskeleton - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Network of protein filaments within some cells that
helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
Plasma Membrane - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The membrane at the boundary of every cell
that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
Signaling processes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. They display plasma membrane-bound
signaling molecules (receptors) that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct
physical contact
2. They affect receptor proteins inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to
enter the cell to bind to them
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Midterm 2025/2026 Exam Questions and
Answers | 100% Solved
Pathophysiology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The study of the underlying changes in body
physiology (molecular, cellular, and organ systems) that result from disease or
injury.
Pathology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The investigation of structural alterations in cells,
tissues, and organs, which can help identify the cause of a particular disease.
Diagnosis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The naming or identification of a disease - is made
from an evaluation of the evidence accumulated from the presenting signs and
symptoms, health and medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and
imaging.
Etiology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The study of the CAUSE of disease
,Epidemiology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The study of tracking patterns or disease
occurrence and transmission among populations and by geographic areas
Nucleus - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g.,
growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the
hereditary information
Cytoplasm - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical
reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the
cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out
in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Ribosomes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Specializes in synthesis, folding, and
transport of protein and lipid components of most organelles. A new role is sensing
cellular stress.
Golgi apparatus - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Responsible for processing and packaging
proteins onto secretory vesicles that break away from the complex and migrate to
various intracellular and extracellular destinations, including plasma membrane.
, Lysosomes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
(sugars).
Peroxisomes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol,
hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
Mitochondria - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of
ATP (energy) production
Cytoskeleton - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Network of protein filaments within some cells that
helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
Plasma Membrane - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The membrane at the boundary of every cell
that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
Signaling processes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. They display plasma membrane-bound
signaling molecules (receptors) that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct
physical contact
2. They affect receptor proteins inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to
enter the cell to bind to them
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
