TEST BANK
TEST BANK
, Chapter 1
Historical and Theoretical Influences of Childrearing
Multiple Choice Questions 1-37
1.From the beginning of the 20th Century to the present time, American parents’
relationships with their children have:
a. not changed at all.
b. undergone slight change.
c. undergone considerable change.
d. not been studied at all.
2.The autocratic approach to child socialization was influenced by which of the following
beliefs or theories?
a. Thomas Hobbes
b. Freudian Theory.
c. Watson’s Psychological Theory
d. Attachment Theory
3.Thomas Hobbes expressed which of the following views?
a. That children should be unconditionally loved.
b. That parental authority when strictly applied upholds both a religious mandate
and a cultural tradition.
c. That the family is a democracy where the rights of all family members should be
respected.
d. That parents should be less harsh with their children.
4.Which of the following is true of the childrearing beliefs of the Early Puritans in the
United States?
a. They were shaped by scientific theory.
b. They thought that children’s willfulness was due to their inherent sinfulness.
c. They emphasized that adults should respect the true nature and needs of the
child.
d. The believed that under optimal conditions children’s innate talents would
emerge.
5.The parenting pattern that developed as a result of Freudian influence reflected Freud’s
beliefs that:
a. Parents should be less harsh with their children.
b. Lenient parenting methods are detrimental to children’s well-being.
c. Parents should not be affectionate toward their children.
d. Parents should set limits for their children
6.Which of the following is true of G. Stanley Hall?
a. He emphasized that adults should respect the true nature and needs of the child.
b. He believed that children are basically sinful.
, c. He believed that children’s minds are blank slates at birth, to be molded by their
caretakers.
d. He recommended that parents of infants disregard their natural inclinations to
respond to their crying infants.
7.Freud’s view of the nature of the child reflected the philosophical perspective of the
French philosopher, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, that:
a. Children are basically sinful.
b. Under optimal conditions children’s innate talents would emerge.
c. Children’s minds are blank slates at birth, to be molded by their caretakers.
d. Children are like adults, with all the faculties of maturity on a reduced scale.
8.Which of the following describes John Watson’s childrearing views?
a. He was supportive of parental expressions of affection for their children.
b. He provided scientific evidence to support his views of childrearing.
c. He did not influence American parents very much.
d. He recommended that parents disregard their natural inclinations to respond to
their crying infants.
9.The popularity of Watson’s beliefs regarding how parents should rear their children was
due to his views being:
a. published in the best seller, Raising a Well Disciplined Child.
b. published in popular journals such as McCalls.
c. published in academic journals.
d. supported by scientific evidence.
10. Which of the following was one of Watson’s recommendations?
a. Parents should practice demand feeding of their infants.
b. Parents should be responsive to their babies’ cries.
c. Parents should treat parenting as a scientific experiment.
d. Parents should be aware of their children’s basic instincts.
11. Which of the follow theorist is associated with the idea of the growth-producing effect
of parental support for their children as they confront developmental crises?
a. Erikson
b. Skinner
c. Vygotsky
d. Watson
12. Which of the following reflects a belief of John Watson?
a. He believed that that parental responsiveness to their children spoiled them.
b. He believed that children’s play is their work
c. He believed that children are active participants in their own development.
d. He believed that the sensitive responsiveness of a caregiver provides for the
child an internalized working model of parental availability.
, 13. According to Bowlby & Ainsworth’s studies of infant attachment, which of the
following statements is true?
a. Children’s play is their work and in playing they get their work done.
b. Parents should treat parenting as a scientific experiment.
c. The use of scheduled care contributes to the development of attachment.
d. Infants, whose caregivers are emotionally and physically available to them,
develop secure attachment.
14. Mary Ainsworth’s perspective on children and/or childrearing emphasizes that:
a. children are active participants in their cognitive development.
b. children’s minds are blank slates at birth, to be molded by their caretakers.
c. parents should respond to the feelings evoked by the child.
d. parents should set limits for their children.
15. Based on studies of infants and children in orphanages, Rene Spitz concluded which of
the following,
a. Responsiveness of the caregiver to infants’ cries and other gestures of
communication are crucial to infant development.
b. Infants and children in orphanages who were provided scheduled care showed
normal development.
c. Many of the infants and children in orphanages who did not get responsive care
became overweight.
d. There are few differences between infants and children raised by their biological
parents and their counterparts in orphanages.
16. Which of the following represents Erikson’s views of child development?
a. The quality of the parent-child relationship helps the child to resolve
psychosocial crises at each stage of development.
b. Children benefit from scheduled care.
c. Parents should let their infants “cry it out.”
d. Children are active participants in their cognitive development.
17. Spock’s advice to parents reflected which of the following:
a. The views of Watson, that parents should refrain from being warm and
responsive to their children.
b. The view that children benefit from natural and logical consequences.
c. The belief that children need to experience the love of their parents but also need
limits.
d. That parents should have a basic understanding of the role of contingencies in
affecting behavior.
18. B. F. Skinner challenged our understanding of children's behavior by explaining which
of the following?
a. Children learn through vicarious reinforcement or punishment which involves
two interrelated strategies, imitation and modeling.
TEST BANK
, Chapter 1
Historical and Theoretical Influences of Childrearing
Multiple Choice Questions 1-37
1.From the beginning of the 20th Century to the present time, American parents’
relationships with their children have:
a. not changed at all.
b. undergone slight change.
c. undergone considerable change.
d. not been studied at all.
2.The autocratic approach to child socialization was influenced by which of the following
beliefs or theories?
a. Thomas Hobbes
b. Freudian Theory.
c. Watson’s Psychological Theory
d. Attachment Theory
3.Thomas Hobbes expressed which of the following views?
a. That children should be unconditionally loved.
b. That parental authority when strictly applied upholds both a religious mandate
and a cultural tradition.
c. That the family is a democracy where the rights of all family members should be
respected.
d. That parents should be less harsh with their children.
4.Which of the following is true of the childrearing beliefs of the Early Puritans in the
United States?
a. They were shaped by scientific theory.
b. They thought that children’s willfulness was due to their inherent sinfulness.
c. They emphasized that adults should respect the true nature and needs of the
child.
d. The believed that under optimal conditions children’s innate talents would
emerge.
5.The parenting pattern that developed as a result of Freudian influence reflected Freud’s
beliefs that:
a. Parents should be less harsh with their children.
b. Lenient parenting methods are detrimental to children’s well-being.
c. Parents should not be affectionate toward their children.
d. Parents should set limits for their children
6.Which of the following is true of G. Stanley Hall?
a. He emphasized that adults should respect the true nature and needs of the child.
b. He believed that children are basically sinful.
, c. He believed that children’s minds are blank slates at birth, to be molded by their
caretakers.
d. He recommended that parents of infants disregard their natural inclinations to
respond to their crying infants.
7.Freud’s view of the nature of the child reflected the philosophical perspective of the
French philosopher, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, that:
a. Children are basically sinful.
b. Under optimal conditions children’s innate talents would emerge.
c. Children’s minds are blank slates at birth, to be molded by their caretakers.
d. Children are like adults, with all the faculties of maturity on a reduced scale.
8.Which of the following describes John Watson’s childrearing views?
a. He was supportive of parental expressions of affection for their children.
b. He provided scientific evidence to support his views of childrearing.
c. He did not influence American parents very much.
d. He recommended that parents disregard their natural inclinations to respond to
their crying infants.
9.The popularity of Watson’s beliefs regarding how parents should rear their children was
due to his views being:
a. published in the best seller, Raising a Well Disciplined Child.
b. published in popular journals such as McCalls.
c. published in academic journals.
d. supported by scientific evidence.
10. Which of the following was one of Watson’s recommendations?
a. Parents should practice demand feeding of their infants.
b. Parents should be responsive to their babies’ cries.
c. Parents should treat parenting as a scientific experiment.
d. Parents should be aware of their children’s basic instincts.
11. Which of the follow theorist is associated with the idea of the growth-producing effect
of parental support for their children as they confront developmental crises?
a. Erikson
b. Skinner
c. Vygotsky
d. Watson
12. Which of the following reflects a belief of John Watson?
a. He believed that that parental responsiveness to their children spoiled them.
b. He believed that children’s play is their work
c. He believed that children are active participants in their own development.
d. He believed that the sensitive responsiveness of a caregiver provides for the
child an internalized working model of parental availability.
, 13. According to Bowlby & Ainsworth’s studies of infant attachment, which of the
following statements is true?
a. Children’s play is their work and in playing they get their work done.
b. Parents should treat parenting as a scientific experiment.
c. The use of scheduled care contributes to the development of attachment.
d. Infants, whose caregivers are emotionally and physically available to them,
develop secure attachment.
14. Mary Ainsworth’s perspective on children and/or childrearing emphasizes that:
a. children are active participants in their cognitive development.
b. children’s minds are blank slates at birth, to be molded by their caretakers.
c. parents should respond to the feelings evoked by the child.
d. parents should set limits for their children.
15. Based on studies of infants and children in orphanages, Rene Spitz concluded which of
the following,
a. Responsiveness of the caregiver to infants’ cries and other gestures of
communication are crucial to infant development.
b. Infants and children in orphanages who were provided scheduled care showed
normal development.
c. Many of the infants and children in orphanages who did not get responsive care
became overweight.
d. There are few differences between infants and children raised by their biological
parents and their counterparts in orphanages.
16. Which of the following represents Erikson’s views of child development?
a. The quality of the parent-child relationship helps the child to resolve
psychosocial crises at each stage of development.
b. Children benefit from scheduled care.
c. Parents should let their infants “cry it out.”
d. Children are active participants in their cognitive development.
17. Spock’s advice to parents reflected which of the following:
a. The views of Watson, that parents should refrain from being warm and
responsive to their children.
b. The view that children benefit from natural and logical consequences.
c. The belief that children need to experience the love of their parents but also need
limits.
d. That parents should have a basic understanding of the role of contingencies in
affecting behavior.
18. B. F. Skinner challenged our understanding of children's behavior by explaining which
of the following?
a. Children learn through vicarious reinforcement or punishment which involves
two interrelated strategies, imitation and modeling.
