CMN 548 Final Exam Study Guide
Primary prevention - ANSWER Aimed at decreasing the incidence (number of new
cases) of mental disorders. Example: Stress management classes for graduate
students, smoking prevention classes, Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)
Secondary prevention - ANSWER Aimed at decreasing the prevalence (number of
existing cases) of mental disorders. Example: Telephone hotlines, crisis intervention,
disaster responses
Tertiary prevention - ANSWER Aimed at decreasing the disability and severity of a
mental disorder. Example: Day treatment programs; case management for physical,
housing, or vocational needs; social skills training
Dystonia - ANSWER Muscle spasm; spasticity of muscle group, especially back or
neck muscles; subjectively painful Note: Often mistaken for agitation or unusual,
stereotypic movements characteristic of schizophrenia
Echolalia - ANSWER Repetition of the last-heard words of other people
Clanging - ANSWER Speech directed by the sound of a word rather than by its
meaning; punning and rhyming
Neologisms - ANSWER New word or phrase whose derivation is not understood, made
up word
Abstract thinking - ANSWER Ask the patient what certain proverbs mean or ask the
patient to tell you similarities in two different objects
BMI for anorexia investigation - ANSWER Less than 18.5
Cranial nerve assessed during hearing test - ANSWER VIII Vestibulocochlear
Cultural humility - ANSWER A process that requires humility as individuals continually
engage in self-reflection and self-critique as lifelong learners and reflective practitioners
in an effort to address power imbalances and to advocate for others.
Cultural awareness - ANSWER The ability to explore your own cultural identity and
bring your values and biases to a conscious level.
Aphonia - ANSWER A loss of voice that accompanies disease affecting the larynx or its
nerve supply
Dysarthria - ANSWER A defect in muscular control of speech apparatus (lips, tongue,
palate, pharynx) words may be slurred, nasal, but language remains intact.
, Aphasia - ANSWER A disorder in producing or understanding language often caused
by brain lesions usually the left hemisphere.
Migraine - ANSWER In classic migraine, there is a preceding aura, commonly a visual
disturbance in one or both eyes (e.g., a wavy distortion, or scotoma, in front of one or
both eyes, dizziness, nausea, and sometimes hemisensory or motor deficits).
Opioid intoxication symptoms - ANSWER Sedation, pinpoint pupils, dysarthria, slowed
cognition
Opioid withdrawal symptoms - ANSWER Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning,
piloerection, myalgias, pupillary dilation, bowel discomfort
Identifying Data in psychiatric evaluation - ANSWER You want to not only identify who
the patient is but also to locate her within the context of social and cultural norms. This
includes age, sex, marital status, and source of referral at a minimum and may include
other information such as occupation, living situation, and presence of other family.
Lithium effects on electrolytes - ANSWER Lithium may cause an increase in TSH,
creeping creatinine
Common types of hallucinations - ANSWER Auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory,
tactile, or somatic with auditory being most common.
Affect - ANSWER Your own impression of someone's emotional state and includes
terms like normal, happy, sad, anxious, angry, or indifferent
Mood - ANSWER A patient's subjective report of how he feels
Temperament - ANSWER How someone acts and approaches the world
Substance detection in urine - ANSWER Alcohol: 7-12hrs, Amphetamines: 48-72hrs,
Benzodiazepines: 3 days
Causes of decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - ANSWER Liver failure, acromegaly,
malnutrition, impaired absorption, nephrotic syndrome, SIADH
Causes of hypercalcemia - ANSWER Vitamin D, milk, antacids, thiazides
Purpose of differential diagnosis - ANSWER To consider all possible options before
making a final diagnosis so that life-threatening conditions or medical conditions are not
overlooked. Allows appropriate treatment to be identified. Will help the clinician
establish the most accurate final diagnosis.
Primary prevention - ANSWER Aimed at decreasing the incidence (number of new
cases) of mental disorders. Example: Stress management classes for graduate
students, smoking prevention classes, Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)
Secondary prevention - ANSWER Aimed at decreasing the prevalence (number of
existing cases) of mental disorders. Example: Telephone hotlines, crisis intervention,
disaster responses
Tertiary prevention - ANSWER Aimed at decreasing the disability and severity of a
mental disorder. Example: Day treatment programs; case management for physical,
housing, or vocational needs; social skills training
Dystonia - ANSWER Muscle spasm; spasticity of muscle group, especially back or
neck muscles; subjectively painful Note: Often mistaken for agitation or unusual,
stereotypic movements characteristic of schizophrenia
Echolalia - ANSWER Repetition of the last-heard words of other people
Clanging - ANSWER Speech directed by the sound of a word rather than by its
meaning; punning and rhyming
Neologisms - ANSWER New word or phrase whose derivation is not understood, made
up word
Abstract thinking - ANSWER Ask the patient what certain proverbs mean or ask the
patient to tell you similarities in two different objects
BMI for anorexia investigation - ANSWER Less than 18.5
Cranial nerve assessed during hearing test - ANSWER VIII Vestibulocochlear
Cultural humility - ANSWER A process that requires humility as individuals continually
engage in self-reflection and self-critique as lifelong learners and reflective practitioners
in an effort to address power imbalances and to advocate for others.
Cultural awareness - ANSWER The ability to explore your own cultural identity and
bring your values and biases to a conscious level.
Aphonia - ANSWER A loss of voice that accompanies disease affecting the larynx or its
nerve supply
Dysarthria - ANSWER A defect in muscular control of speech apparatus (lips, tongue,
palate, pharynx) words may be slurred, nasal, but language remains intact.
, Aphasia - ANSWER A disorder in producing or understanding language often caused
by brain lesions usually the left hemisphere.
Migraine - ANSWER In classic migraine, there is a preceding aura, commonly a visual
disturbance in one or both eyes (e.g., a wavy distortion, or scotoma, in front of one or
both eyes, dizziness, nausea, and sometimes hemisensory or motor deficits).
Opioid intoxication symptoms - ANSWER Sedation, pinpoint pupils, dysarthria, slowed
cognition
Opioid withdrawal symptoms - ANSWER Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning,
piloerection, myalgias, pupillary dilation, bowel discomfort
Identifying Data in psychiatric evaluation - ANSWER You want to not only identify who
the patient is but also to locate her within the context of social and cultural norms. This
includes age, sex, marital status, and source of referral at a minimum and may include
other information such as occupation, living situation, and presence of other family.
Lithium effects on electrolytes - ANSWER Lithium may cause an increase in TSH,
creeping creatinine
Common types of hallucinations - ANSWER Auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory,
tactile, or somatic with auditory being most common.
Affect - ANSWER Your own impression of someone's emotional state and includes
terms like normal, happy, sad, anxious, angry, or indifferent
Mood - ANSWER A patient's subjective report of how he feels
Temperament - ANSWER How someone acts and approaches the world
Substance detection in urine - ANSWER Alcohol: 7-12hrs, Amphetamines: 48-72hrs,
Benzodiazepines: 3 days
Causes of decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - ANSWER Liver failure, acromegaly,
malnutrition, impaired absorption, nephrotic syndrome, SIADH
Causes of hypercalcemia - ANSWER Vitamin D, milk, antacids, thiazides
Purpose of differential diagnosis - ANSWER To consider all possible options before
making a final diagnosis so that life-threatening conditions or medical conditions are not
overlooked. Allows appropriate treatment to be identified. Will help the clinician
establish the most accurate final diagnosis.
