Nurs 5334 Exam – 2026 Newest Version with
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What drugs are used to treat gestational diabetes?
Answer:
Metformin abd Insulin
What A1C value indicates diabetes mellitus? Pre-DM?
Answer:
6.5% or greater is considered diabetes o 5.7-6.4%pre-diabetes
What fasting and random values indicate DM?
Answer:
Fasting plasma glucose—126 or greater is diabetes. Random
(casual) plasma glucose—anything greater than 200 is diabetes
What are complications of insulin therapy?
Answer:
Hypoglycemia
Can develop lipohypertrophy. Accumulation of subcutaneous fat
that occurs when it is injected too frequently at the same site.
Allergic reactions
Characterized by red and intensely itchy welts, breathing
becomes difficult
If severe allergy develops:
Desensitization procedure (small doses to larger doses).
Hypokalemia
Promotes the uptake of potassium cells and insulin activates a
membrane-bound enzyme with sodium potassium and ATPase
that pumps potassium into the cells and sodium out
,insulin drug interactions
Answer:
Hypoglycemicagents
Can intensify the hypoglycemia included by insulin
Examples: sulfonylureas, glinides, alcohol o
Usewithcautionwithhyperglycemicagents
Examples: thiazide and glucocorticoids and sympathomimetics
What effect do beta blockers have on insulin?
Answer:
delay awareness of and response to hypoglycemia by masking the
signs that are associated with stimulation of sympathetic nervous
system
o Impairglycogenolysis
o Prevent the bodies counter-regulatory response
What are other therapeutic uses besides DM?
Answer:
Hyperkalemia o Aids in diagnosis of GH deficiency o
Diabeticketoacidosis
Insulin dosage must be coordinated with what?
Answer:
Carbohydrate intake
What is B/P goal in diabetic?
Answer:
To be controlled, within normal 120/80
What medication can be given to decrease risk of diabetic
nephropathy?
Answer:
ACE inhibitor or ARB
What role does exercise play in treatment of both type 1 and type
2 DM?
Answer:
,Exercise increases cellular responsiveness to insulin and increases
glucose tolerance o 150 minute per week of moderate intensity
exercise is recommended
What are the 4 steps in the 4-step approach?
Answer:
Step1—diagnosis
Lifestyle changes plus metformin
o Step2
Lifestyle changes plus metformin and a second drug
(sulfonylurea, TZD or a DPP4 inhibitor, a sodium glucose
cotransporter or SGLT-2 inhibitor, a glucagon-like peptide 1, or
a GLP-1 receptor agonist or basal insulin
Second drug choice made considering efficacy, the hypoglycemia
risk of the patient, the patient tolerability, and weight-related
considerations (some help weight loss, some cause weight gain),
cost
o Step3
Three drug combination
Metformin
Plus 2 other drugs from step 2
o Decidedbasedonadrugandpatientspecificconsiderations
o Step4
If 3 drug combination that includes basal insulin fails after 3-6
months, more
complex insulin regimen
Usually in combination with one or more non-insulin medications
When a patient is on insulin therapy what are the blood glucose
goals before meals? At bedtime?
Answer:
Beforemeals—70-130
o Bedtime—100-140
, What is the A1C goal? When is goal below 7 not appropriate?
Answer:
7%or below o Those with severe hypoglycemia risk, limited life
expectancy ,advanced microvascular or
macrovascular complications—not below 7
What are the short acting insulins? Intermediate? Long acting?
Answer:
Shortduration:Rapidacting
Insulin lispro [Humalog]
Insulin aspart [NovoLog]
Insulin glulisine [Apidra] o Shortduration:Sloweracting
Regular insulin [Humulin R, Novolin R] o Intermediateduration
Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin
Insulin detemir [Levemir] o Longduration
Insulin glargine
When are short duration insulins used?
Answer:
Administered in association with meals to control the post-
prandial rise in blood glucose between meals and at night
When are intermediate insulins needed?
Answer:
Administer 2-3 times daily to provide glycemic control between
meals and during the
night
How long is duration of glargine? Levemir? Degludec?
Answer:
Glargine—up to 24 hours o Levemir
Low dose (0.2 units/kg)—12 hours
High doses (0.4 units/kg)—20-24 hours
o Degludec—up to 42 hours
What are routes of administration? Which can be inhaled?
Answer:
Well-Detailed Questions & Comprehensive Answers /
Get It 100% Correct Answers / Guaranteed Pass /
Already Graded A+
What drugs are used to treat gestational diabetes?
Answer:
Metformin abd Insulin
What A1C value indicates diabetes mellitus? Pre-DM?
Answer:
6.5% or greater is considered diabetes o 5.7-6.4%pre-diabetes
What fasting and random values indicate DM?
Answer:
Fasting plasma glucose—126 or greater is diabetes. Random
(casual) plasma glucose—anything greater than 200 is diabetes
What are complications of insulin therapy?
Answer:
Hypoglycemia
Can develop lipohypertrophy. Accumulation of subcutaneous fat
that occurs when it is injected too frequently at the same site.
Allergic reactions
Characterized by red and intensely itchy welts, breathing
becomes difficult
If severe allergy develops:
Desensitization procedure (small doses to larger doses).
Hypokalemia
Promotes the uptake of potassium cells and insulin activates a
membrane-bound enzyme with sodium potassium and ATPase
that pumps potassium into the cells and sodium out
,insulin drug interactions
Answer:
Hypoglycemicagents
Can intensify the hypoglycemia included by insulin
Examples: sulfonylureas, glinides, alcohol o
Usewithcautionwithhyperglycemicagents
Examples: thiazide and glucocorticoids and sympathomimetics
What effect do beta blockers have on insulin?
Answer:
delay awareness of and response to hypoglycemia by masking the
signs that are associated with stimulation of sympathetic nervous
system
o Impairglycogenolysis
o Prevent the bodies counter-regulatory response
What are other therapeutic uses besides DM?
Answer:
Hyperkalemia o Aids in diagnosis of GH deficiency o
Diabeticketoacidosis
Insulin dosage must be coordinated with what?
Answer:
Carbohydrate intake
What is B/P goal in diabetic?
Answer:
To be controlled, within normal 120/80
What medication can be given to decrease risk of diabetic
nephropathy?
Answer:
ACE inhibitor or ARB
What role does exercise play in treatment of both type 1 and type
2 DM?
Answer:
,Exercise increases cellular responsiveness to insulin and increases
glucose tolerance o 150 minute per week of moderate intensity
exercise is recommended
What are the 4 steps in the 4-step approach?
Answer:
Step1—diagnosis
Lifestyle changes plus metformin
o Step2
Lifestyle changes plus metformin and a second drug
(sulfonylurea, TZD or a DPP4 inhibitor, a sodium glucose
cotransporter or SGLT-2 inhibitor, a glucagon-like peptide 1, or
a GLP-1 receptor agonist or basal insulin
Second drug choice made considering efficacy, the hypoglycemia
risk of the patient, the patient tolerability, and weight-related
considerations (some help weight loss, some cause weight gain),
cost
o Step3
Three drug combination
Metformin
Plus 2 other drugs from step 2
o Decidedbasedonadrugandpatientspecificconsiderations
o Step4
If 3 drug combination that includes basal insulin fails after 3-6
months, more
complex insulin regimen
Usually in combination with one or more non-insulin medications
When a patient is on insulin therapy what are the blood glucose
goals before meals? At bedtime?
Answer:
Beforemeals—70-130
o Bedtime—100-140
, What is the A1C goal? When is goal below 7 not appropriate?
Answer:
7%or below o Those with severe hypoglycemia risk, limited life
expectancy ,advanced microvascular or
macrovascular complications—not below 7
What are the short acting insulins? Intermediate? Long acting?
Answer:
Shortduration:Rapidacting
Insulin lispro [Humalog]
Insulin aspart [NovoLog]
Insulin glulisine [Apidra] o Shortduration:Sloweracting
Regular insulin [Humulin R, Novolin R] o Intermediateduration
Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin
Insulin detemir [Levemir] o Longduration
Insulin glargine
When are short duration insulins used?
Answer:
Administered in association with meals to control the post-
prandial rise in blood glucose between meals and at night
When are intermediate insulins needed?
Answer:
Administer 2-3 times daily to provide glycemic control between
meals and during the
night
How long is duration of glargine? Levemir? Degludec?
Answer:
Glargine—up to 24 hours o Levemir
Low dose (0.2 units/kg)—12 hours
High doses (0.4 units/kg)—20-24 hours
o Degludec—up to 42 hours
What are routes of administration? Which can be inhaled?
Answer:
