Questions From Princeton Review Verified Practice Answers With Explanations For Exam Preparation Graded A+.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all early civilizations? A) Written Communication B) Agricultural Surplus C) Some economic specialization D) Water resources - correct answer A "The books of those heresiarchs... are absolutely forbidden. The books of other heretics, however, which deal professedly with religion are absolutely condemned. Those on the other hand, which do not deal with religion... are permitted. Likewise, Catholic books written by those who afterward fell into heresy...may be permitted...." Why was the above ruling issued by the Council of Trent in 1545? A) It was an attempt during the Catholic Reformation to respond to Protestantism. B) It was a response to the scientific advances made by Copernicus and Galileo. C) It was part of the reforms to Roman Catholicism called for by Luther and Calvin. D) It was part of the attempt to reunify Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. E) It was part of the strict behavioral code endorsed by Calvinists. - correct answer A Which of these were considered the Gunpowder Empires in the Islamic world? (A) Ming China, Mughal India, Seljuk Turks (B) Tokugawa Shogunate, Ming China, Yuan China (C) Ottoman Turkey, Delhi Sultanate, Khmer Cambodia (D) Safavid Persia, Ottoman Turkey, Mughal India (E) Safavid Persia, Ming China, Tokugawa Shogunate - correct answer D All of the following were features of the civilizations in Mesopotamia, Mesoamerica, the Indus River Valley, and the Yellow River Valley EXCEPT (A) a degree of craft specialization (B) a level of social stratification (C) development of irrigation systems (D) construction of architectural monuments (E) religious systems that included sacrifice rituals - correct answer E Which of the following statements about the rule of Peter the Great is accurate? (A) By adopting Western culture, Peter the Great was able to build a strong, unified Russian oligarchy. (B) Under Peter the Great, Russia became a strong military nation but failed to modernize or industrialize. (C) Peter the Great was able to build a strong, centralized government based on militaristic principles. (D) The lives of ordinary Russian citizens were greatly improved as a result of the Western influences imported by Peter the Great. (E) Peter the Great was considered the first enlightened despot in the history of Russia. - correct answer C During the Victorian Age the British Empire included all of the following possessions except: A) US B) New Zealand C) South Africa D) India - correct answer A Which of the following terms is NOT associated with the Cold War? (A) Brinkmanship (B) Détente (C) Peaceful coexistence (D) Mutual assured destruction (E) Appeasement - correct answer E The factors destabilizing the balance of power in Europe in the late 1800s and early 1900s included all of the following EXCEPT (A) the strong sense of nationalism held by many European nations (B) European colonial rivalries in Africa and Asia (C) German aggression on the continent under Bismarck (D) conflict over ethnic and religious differences in some nations (E) the rise of socialist and communist movements in European nations - correct answer E A major difference between Spanish and French colonization effort was (A) only the Spanish were interested in resource extraction in their colonies (B) while Spain sent expeditions around the world, French exploration was limited to North America (C) the French did not form as many permanent settlements in their colonies as the Spanish (D) the French were less successful than the Spanish at religious conversion of people in their colonies (E) while France gave huge land grants to encourage citizens to settle in the New World, Spain limited land ownership to aristocracy and the military - correct answer C 9. One major difference between European and Japanese feudalism during the Middle Ages was that (A) there was no Japanese equivalent to the position of the European lord (B) in Japan, peasants farmed land in exchange for money instead of protection (C) European feudalism was far more militaristic than Japanese feudalism (D) while Japanese emperors maintained power during feudalism, European kings were symbolic leaders only (E) there were far fewer agricultural workers in the Japanese feudal system than in the European system - correct answer E The Glorious Revolution was unique because it (A) was a movement that began in the peasant and farmer classes (B) did not involve a significant amount of violence (C) was the first instance of the removal of a sitting monarch (D) resulted in Europe's first completely secular government (E) was led by a coalition of middle and lower class workers - correct answer B The globalization of American culture has resulted in (A) anti-Western backlash in some developing nations (B) increased access to health care and education (C) additional tariffs on American-made goods (D) more cultural tolerance around the world (E) an increase of democracies in developing nations - correct answer A The major impact of the Delhi Sultanate on India was the (A) introduction of a new religion into Indian culture (B) decline in importance of sub-Saharan trade routes (C) elimination of the caste system (D) decline in importance of overland trade routes (E) rise of a decentralized government system - correct answer A As a result of Bismarck's plan to partition Africa (A) Germany controlled a substantial portion of Africa (B) the United States entered the scramble for Africa (C) the slave trade with Europe, North America, and South America was halted (D) only two African nations remained free at the beginning of the twentieth century (E) more people organized to protest the injustices of colonialism - correct answer D The ability of nations to industrialize required all of the following conditions EXCEPT (A) a reliable source of fuel (B) surplus population (C) improved farming techniques (D) a money-based economic system (E) a network of colonies - correct answer E In which of the following ways was the Hindu Upanishad movement similar to the Protestant Reformation? (A) Both were movements started by religious leaders that quickly spread to the upper classes. (B) Neither was considered a significant threat to the established religion and its authorities. (C) Followers of the Upanishad reforms were branded as heretics and excluded from high governmental and religious positions. (D) Over time, both became more concerned with rituals and dogma than with individualistic expression. (E) A factor behind both movements was the perceived exploitation of power by religious leaders. - correct answer E The Four Noble Truths are associated with (A) Buddhism (B) Confucianism (C) Legalism (D) Judaism (E) Islam - correct answer A Which of the following is an accurate characterization of both the Incan and Yuan dynasties? (A) Both civilizations developed strict social class hierarchies, in which upward mobility was difficult. (B) Peasant uprisings were responsible for the establishment of both civilizations. (C) Both the Yuan and the Inca depended on trade as their primary economic activity. (D) Both civilizations flourished under the control of outside invaders. (E) Both societies suffered as a result of their non-expansionist nature. - correct answer A The movement to industrialize Russia was most dependent on (A) emancipating serfs to provide a substantial labor pool for industry (B) becoming more active in colonizing other lands to obtain raw materials and develop new markets (C) importing coal and other fuel sources plus the equipment necessary to build manufacturing factories (D) developing a capitalistic system with laissez-faire and free market economic policies (E) raising the standard of living for average Russians so they could participate in a market economy - correct answer B Which of the following was NOT a result of the Black Death? (A) Labor shortages in agriculture and industry in England (B) Population decline in China (C) Scarcity of goods throughout Europe (D) High mortality rates in India (E) Rise of feudalism in western Europe - correct answer D During the latter half of the 20th century, wealth and prosperity began to emerge in the Middle East. This was largely due to which of the following? A) An Industrial Revolution in the region B) Political Reform among the Middle Eastern States C) Large scale production of oil and petroleum products D) Religious reform among the Middle Eastern states - correct answer C 20. Which of the following was NOT a Cold war strategy? (A) The Soviet Union provided Middle Eastern nations with military supplies and advisors. (B) The United States supported totalitarian dictatorships in some Latin American and Middle Eastern countries. (C) Both the Soviet Union and the United States renewed colonization of lands in Latin America and the Middle East (D) The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge arsenals of traditional, biological, and nuclear weapons in order to prevent war. (E) The United States organized poor people in developing nations to overthrow communist regimes. - correct answer C The reason for the predicted population decline between 2000 and 2050 could be attributed to any of the following reasons EXCEPT (A) better access to medical care (B) increased economic development activities (C) more women entering the workforce (D) out-migration to other nations (E) the impacts of communicable diseases - correct answer D The Mongol Empire was divided into four Khanate, which governed all of the following lands EXCEPT (A) China (B) Korea (C) Russia (D) Persia (E) Japan - correct answer E Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Heian period in Japan in the ninth century? (A) The Heian period was a time of exploration and conquest for Japan. (B) During the Heian period, Chinese meritocracy influenced Japan's government. (C) The focus of Heian civilization was on cultural independence. (D) Mongol invaders, under the rule of Ghenghis Khan, ruled Japan during the Heian period. (E) Shintoism was replaced by Confucianism in Japan during the Heian period. - correct answer C The changes brought about by the Council of Trent did NOT include