Prescott's Microbiology Chapter 40
Food - (correct Answer) - What is a nutrient-rich, excellent environment for the growth of
microorganisms?
Food spoilage - (correct Answer) - What results from growth of microbes in food?
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors - (correct Answer) - What are the two factors that influence growth of
microorganisms in/on food?
Intrinsic Factor - (correct Answer) - What are food-related factors such as moisture, pH, water activity
and availability and available nutrients that influence microbial growth?
Extrinsic Factor - (correct Answer) - What is an environmental factor such as temperature, humidity, and
atmosphere (gases present) that influences microbial growth in food.?
Microbes - (correct Answer) - Food spoilage involves predictable succession of what?
Spoilage processes - (correct Answer) - Different foods undergo different types of what?
Toxins - (correct Answer) - Depending on the type of microorganism, what are sometimes produced?
Food Composition - (correct Answer) - What is a critical intrinsic factor that influences microbial growth?
Putrefaction - (correct Answer) - What is the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, especially
protein, by microorganisms, resulting in production of foul-smelling matter?
Yeasts and molds - (correct Answer) - The pH of a food is critical because a low pH favors the growth of
what?
Bacteria - (correct Answer) - In neutral or alkaline pH foods (meats), what microorganisms are more
dominant?
Bacteria - (correct Answer) - Protein or fat rich food will promote growth of what?
Colonize foods - (correct Answer) - The presence and availability of water also affect the ability of
microbes to do what?
Water availability - (correct Answer) - What is measured in terms of aw - ratio of relative humidity of the
air over a test solution compared with that of distilled water.
Osmophilic - (correct Answer) - What kind of microbes grow best in or on media of high solute
concentration?
Xenophilic - (correct Answer) - What are microbes that prefer a low aw environment and may not grow
under high aw conditions?
Oxidation-reduction potential and the physical structure of a food - (correct Answer) - What two other
factors affect food spoilage?
, Ground Meats - (correct Answer) - What kind of meat will the microbes will be mixed and spread
throughout the product?
Bacterial - (correct Answer) - Under intrinsic factors, Carbohydrate rich food exhibit fungal
growth initially, then what kind of growth?
Molds - (correct Answer) - What can grow on grains and corn in moist conditions?
Ergotism - (correct Answer) - What disease is caused by toxins due contamination by Claviceps purpurea?
More microbe activity - (correct Answer) - Higher relative humidity equals what?
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) - (correct Answer) - What process involves the addition of gases
such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide to packaged foods in order to inhibit the growth of spoilage
organisms? It is nearly impervious to
oxygen, increasing shelf life
1. Acid production by Lactococcus lactis
2. Additional acid production by more acid tolerant organisms like Lactobacillus
3. Yeast and molds become dominant and degrade the lactic acid making the environment more basic.
4. Protein-digesting bacteria become active, resulting in a putrid odor and bitter flavor. Milk becomes
clear. - (correct Answer) - What are the steps of the spoilage of milk?
Antimicrobial compounds - (correct Answer) - What compounds do some foods naturally contain?
Lysozyme - (correct Answer) - What do eggs contain that has an antimicrobial effect?
Sage and rosemary - (correct Answer) - Give two examples of spices with antimicrobial properties?
Aflatoxins - (correct Answer) - What is any of a group of toxic compounds produced by certain
fungus/molds, especially Aspergillus flavus, that contaminate stored food supplies such as animal feed
and peanuts.It can intercalate into DNA, causing frameshift
mutations. Can be carcinogenic, cause liver disease?
Fumonisms - (correct Answer) - What is a family of toxins produced by mold belonging to the genus
Fusarium. They primarily affect corn and are known to be carcinogenic and hepato- and nephrotoxic in
animals. They disrupt synthesis and metabolism of sphingolipids?
Preservation - (correct Answer) - What are methods to reduce or eliminate populations of spoilage and
disease-causing microbes?
1. Removal of microorganisms (Filtration)
2. Low temperature
3. High temperature
Food - (correct Answer) - What is a nutrient-rich, excellent environment for the growth of
microorganisms?
Food spoilage - (correct Answer) - What results from growth of microbes in food?
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors - (correct Answer) - What are the two factors that influence growth of
microorganisms in/on food?
Intrinsic Factor - (correct Answer) - What are food-related factors such as moisture, pH, water activity
and availability and available nutrients that influence microbial growth?
Extrinsic Factor - (correct Answer) - What is an environmental factor such as temperature, humidity, and
atmosphere (gases present) that influences microbial growth in food.?
Microbes - (correct Answer) - Food spoilage involves predictable succession of what?
Spoilage processes - (correct Answer) - Different foods undergo different types of what?
Toxins - (correct Answer) - Depending on the type of microorganism, what are sometimes produced?
Food Composition - (correct Answer) - What is a critical intrinsic factor that influences microbial growth?
Putrefaction - (correct Answer) - What is the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, especially
protein, by microorganisms, resulting in production of foul-smelling matter?
Yeasts and molds - (correct Answer) - The pH of a food is critical because a low pH favors the growth of
what?
Bacteria - (correct Answer) - In neutral or alkaline pH foods (meats), what microorganisms are more
dominant?
Bacteria - (correct Answer) - Protein or fat rich food will promote growth of what?
Colonize foods - (correct Answer) - The presence and availability of water also affect the ability of
microbes to do what?
Water availability - (correct Answer) - What is measured in terms of aw - ratio of relative humidity of the
air over a test solution compared with that of distilled water.
Osmophilic - (correct Answer) - What kind of microbes grow best in or on media of high solute
concentration?
Xenophilic - (correct Answer) - What are microbes that prefer a low aw environment and may not grow
under high aw conditions?
Oxidation-reduction potential and the physical structure of a food - (correct Answer) - What two other
factors affect food spoilage?
, Ground Meats - (correct Answer) - What kind of meat will the microbes will be mixed and spread
throughout the product?
Bacterial - (correct Answer) - Under intrinsic factors, Carbohydrate rich food exhibit fungal
growth initially, then what kind of growth?
Molds - (correct Answer) - What can grow on grains and corn in moist conditions?
Ergotism - (correct Answer) - What disease is caused by toxins due contamination by Claviceps purpurea?
More microbe activity - (correct Answer) - Higher relative humidity equals what?
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) - (correct Answer) - What process involves the addition of gases
such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide to packaged foods in order to inhibit the growth of spoilage
organisms? It is nearly impervious to
oxygen, increasing shelf life
1. Acid production by Lactococcus lactis
2. Additional acid production by more acid tolerant organisms like Lactobacillus
3. Yeast and molds become dominant and degrade the lactic acid making the environment more basic.
4. Protein-digesting bacteria become active, resulting in a putrid odor and bitter flavor. Milk becomes
clear. - (correct Answer) - What are the steps of the spoilage of milk?
Antimicrobial compounds - (correct Answer) - What compounds do some foods naturally contain?
Lysozyme - (correct Answer) - What do eggs contain that has an antimicrobial effect?
Sage and rosemary - (correct Answer) - Give two examples of spices with antimicrobial properties?
Aflatoxins - (correct Answer) - What is any of a group of toxic compounds produced by certain
fungus/molds, especially Aspergillus flavus, that contaminate stored food supplies such as animal feed
and peanuts.It can intercalate into DNA, causing frameshift
mutations. Can be carcinogenic, cause liver disease?
Fumonisms - (correct Answer) - What is a family of toxins produced by mold belonging to the genus
Fusarium. They primarily affect corn and are known to be carcinogenic and hepato- and nephrotoxic in
animals. They disrupt synthesis and metabolism of sphingolipids?
Preservation - (correct Answer) - What are methods to reduce or eliminate populations of spoilage and
disease-causing microbes?
1. Removal of microorganisms (Filtration)
2. Low temperature
3. High temperature
