1|Page
HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM LATEST 2025/2026 ACTUAL
EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
||BRANDNEW!!!||
What is one function of the tumor cell marker?
a. To provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer
b. To treat certain types of cancer
c. To predict where cancers will develop
d. To screen individuals at high risk for cancer - ANSWER-To
screen individuals at high risk for cancer
Which statement supports the hypothesis that intestinal polyps
are benign neoplasms and the first stage in the development of
colon cancer?
a. Cancer cells accumulate slower than noncancer cells.
b. An accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required to
develop cancer.
c. Tumor invasion and metastasis progress more slowly in the
gastrointestinal tract.
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d. Apoptosis is triggered by diverse stimuli, including excessive
growth - ANSWER-An accumulation of mutations in specific
genes is required to develop cancer.
Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what?
a. Stimulate angiogenesis to create their own blood supply
b. Encourage secretions that turn off normal growth inhibitors
c. Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth
d. Divert nutrients away from normal tissue for their own use -
ANSWER-Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth
What is apoptosis?
a. Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is
excessive
b. Antigrowth signal activated by the tumor-suppressor gene Rb
c. Mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene
d. Transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia - ANSWER-
Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is
excessive
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A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the
ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by
the professor is best?
a. It suppresses the action of the tumor-suppressor genes.
b. It changes the way the growth promotion genes work.
c. A mutation in this gene allows continuous cell growth.
d. It activates a cell surface receptor that allows signaling to the
nucleus. - ANSWER-A mutation in this gene allows continuous
cell growth.
The professor explains to students that oncogenes are genes that
are capable of what?
a. Undergoing mutation that directs the synthesis of proteins to
accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation
b. Directing synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and to
provide necessary replacement of tissue
c. Encoding proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of
proteins to slow or halt the replacement of tissue
d. Undergoing mutation that directs malignant tissue toward blood
vessels and lymph nodes for metastasis - ANSWER-Undergoing
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mutation that directs the synthesis of proteins to accelerate the
rate of tissue proliferation
Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of
chromosome 8 fused to a piece of chromosome 14. This is an
example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?
a. Point mutation
b. Chromosome translocation
c. Gene amplification
d. Chromosome fusion - ANSWER-Chromosome translocation
In childhood neuroblastoma, the N-myc oncogene undergoes
which type of mutation of normal gene to oncogene?
a. Point mutation
b. Chromosome fusion
c. Gene amplification
d. Chromosome translocation - ANSWER-Gene amplification
HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM LATEST 2025/2026 ACTUAL
EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
||BRANDNEW!!!||
What is one function of the tumor cell marker?
a. To provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer
b. To treat certain types of cancer
c. To predict where cancers will develop
d. To screen individuals at high risk for cancer - ANSWER-To
screen individuals at high risk for cancer
Which statement supports the hypothesis that intestinal polyps
are benign neoplasms and the first stage in the development of
colon cancer?
a. Cancer cells accumulate slower than noncancer cells.
b. An accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required to
develop cancer.
c. Tumor invasion and metastasis progress more slowly in the
gastrointestinal tract.
,2|Page
d. Apoptosis is triggered by diverse stimuli, including excessive
growth - ANSWER-An accumulation of mutations in specific
genes is required to develop cancer.
Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what?
a. Stimulate angiogenesis to create their own blood supply
b. Encourage secretions that turn off normal growth inhibitors
c. Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth
d. Divert nutrients away from normal tissue for their own use -
ANSWER-Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth
What is apoptosis?
a. Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is
excessive
b. Antigrowth signal activated by the tumor-suppressor gene Rb
c. Mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene
d. Transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia - ANSWER-
Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is
excessive
,3|Page
A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the
ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by
the professor is best?
a. It suppresses the action of the tumor-suppressor genes.
b. It changes the way the growth promotion genes work.
c. A mutation in this gene allows continuous cell growth.
d. It activates a cell surface receptor that allows signaling to the
nucleus. - ANSWER-A mutation in this gene allows continuous
cell growth.
The professor explains to students that oncogenes are genes that
are capable of what?
a. Undergoing mutation that directs the synthesis of proteins to
accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation
b. Directing synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and to
provide necessary replacement of tissue
c. Encoding proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of
proteins to slow or halt the replacement of tissue
d. Undergoing mutation that directs malignant tissue toward blood
vessels and lymph nodes for metastasis - ANSWER-Undergoing
, 4|Page
mutation that directs the synthesis of proteins to accelerate the
rate of tissue proliferation
Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of
chromosome 8 fused to a piece of chromosome 14. This is an
example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?
a. Point mutation
b. Chromosome translocation
c. Gene amplification
d. Chromosome fusion - ANSWER-Chromosome translocation
In childhood neuroblastoma, the N-myc oncogene undergoes
which type of mutation of normal gene to oncogene?
a. Point mutation
b. Chromosome fusion
c. Gene amplification
d. Chromosome translocation - ANSWER-Gene amplification
