NU 306 Exam #2 Blueprint UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
teratogenic drugs - CORRECT ANSWER - drugs known to cause developmental defects
teratogenesis literally means... - CORRECT ANSWER - "to produce a monster"
birth defects - CORRECT ANSWER - cleft palate, clubfoot, and hydrocephalus
factors leading to congenital anomalies - CORRECT ANSWER - -genetic factors (25%)
-environmental chemicals
minimizing the risk for teratogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER - -avoid unnecessary drug
use (alcohol, cocaine)
-50% of pregnancies are unintended; risks for teratogenesis apply to these pregnancies too
responding to teratogen exposure - CORRECT ANSWER - -identifying details of
exposure
-ultrasound scans
three stages of development - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. conception
2. embryonic period
3. fetal period
conception - CORRECT ANSWER - goes through week 2
, embryonic period - CORRECT ANSWER - weeks 3 to 8, gross malformations produced
by teratogens
fetal period - CORRECT ANSWER - week 9 to term, functions disrupted with teratogen
exposure
pharmacokinetics in pediatrics (absorption) - CORRECT ANSWER - depending on the
drug, absoprtion can be enhanced or stopped. reach adult levels at 6-8 months. delayed gastric
emptying can enhance absorption of drugs. these drugs are absorped in the stomach. if it is
delayed it takes longer or may be absorped too much. acid and PH effect absorption
pharmacokinetics in pediatrics (distribution) - CORRECT ANSWER - can be affected by
the differences in body water and fat. babies/kids have an increase percent in body water and a
decrease percent in body fat. water soluble drugs are diluted to a greater degree resulting in
lower serum concentration. in kids, their blood-brain barrier isnt fully developed, so drugs and
other chemicals have easier access to the central nervous system. same with protein binding,
lower albumin, and a presence of bilirubin and a lot more fatty acids, and these help compete for
binding sites, which means there is less protein binding, which means there are more free drugs
out and about
pharmacokinetics in pediatrics (metabolism) - CORRECT ANSWER - lower metabolism
in babies/kids because their liver isnt fully mature until they are a year old, so you will give a
lower dose
pharmacokinetics in pediatrics (elimination) - CORRECT ANSWER - babies/kids
everything is reduced, including excretion by the kidneys due to not having developed kidneys.
medication adherence - CORRECT ANSWER - teach back is a good way to help with
drug adherence for children, which helps you decide if they understand what you've taught them.
youre not going to tell a child they need to take a medication everyday, you mostly talk to the
parents. you have to make sure they can afford the medication and understand how to take it
renal blood flow and renal excretion during the third trimester - CORRECT ANSWER -
during the third trimester renal blood flow is doubled and renal excretion is accelerated. this
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
teratogenic drugs - CORRECT ANSWER - drugs known to cause developmental defects
teratogenesis literally means... - CORRECT ANSWER - "to produce a monster"
birth defects - CORRECT ANSWER - cleft palate, clubfoot, and hydrocephalus
factors leading to congenital anomalies - CORRECT ANSWER - -genetic factors (25%)
-environmental chemicals
minimizing the risk for teratogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER - -avoid unnecessary drug
use (alcohol, cocaine)
-50% of pregnancies are unintended; risks for teratogenesis apply to these pregnancies too
responding to teratogen exposure - CORRECT ANSWER - -identifying details of
exposure
-ultrasound scans
three stages of development - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. conception
2. embryonic period
3. fetal period
conception - CORRECT ANSWER - goes through week 2
, embryonic period - CORRECT ANSWER - weeks 3 to 8, gross malformations produced
by teratogens
fetal period - CORRECT ANSWER - week 9 to term, functions disrupted with teratogen
exposure
pharmacokinetics in pediatrics (absorption) - CORRECT ANSWER - depending on the
drug, absoprtion can be enhanced or stopped. reach adult levels at 6-8 months. delayed gastric
emptying can enhance absorption of drugs. these drugs are absorped in the stomach. if it is
delayed it takes longer or may be absorped too much. acid and PH effect absorption
pharmacokinetics in pediatrics (distribution) - CORRECT ANSWER - can be affected by
the differences in body water and fat. babies/kids have an increase percent in body water and a
decrease percent in body fat. water soluble drugs are diluted to a greater degree resulting in
lower serum concentration. in kids, their blood-brain barrier isnt fully developed, so drugs and
other chemicals have easier access to the central nervous system. same with protein binding,
lower albumin, and a presence of bilirubin and a lot more fatty acids, and these help compete for
binding sites, which means there is less protein binding, which means there are more free drugs
out and about
pharmacokinetics in pediatrics (metabolism) - CORRECT ANSWER - lower metabolism
in babies/kids because their liver isnt fully mature until they are a year old, so you will give a
lower dose
pharmacokinetics in pediatrics (elimination) - CORRECT ANSWER - babies/kids
everything is reduced, including excretion by the kidneys due to not having developed kidneys.
medication adherence - CORRECT ANSWER - teach back is a good way to help with
drug adherence for children, which helps you decide if they understand what you've taught them.
youre not going to tell a child they need to take a medication everyday, you mostly talk to the
parents. you have to make sure they can afford the medication and understand how to take it
renal blood flow and renal excretion during the third trimester - CORRECT ANSWER -
during the third trimester renal blood flow is doubled and renal excretion is accelerated. this
