HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026
COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
A nurse is discussing endocrine system dysfunction with a patient. Which statement indicates
the patient understood? Endocrine system dysfunction can result from hyposecretion,
hypersecretion, or from:
a. Abnormal receptor activity
b. Abnormal hormone levels
c. Increased synthesis of second messengers
d. Extracellular electrolyte alterations - Answer ✓✓a. Abnormal receptor activity
Rationale: Dysfunction may result from abnormal cell receptor function or from altered
intracellular response to the hormone-receptor complex.
An aide asks the nurse what is the most common cause of elevated levels of antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) secretion. How should the nurse respond?
a. Autoimmune disease
A+ 1
, HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
b. Cancer
c. Pregnancy
d. Heart failure - Answer ✓✓b. Cancer
A 54-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (lung infection) is evaluated for syndrome
of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would
be expected in this patient?
a. Hyponatremia
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Hypernatremia
d. Hypokalemia - Answer ✓✓a. Hyponatremia
Rationale: Hyponatremia occurs due to increased water reabsorption by kidneys.
A 44-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (lung infection) is evaluated for SIADH.
Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in this patient?
a. Peripheral edema
b. Tachycardia
c. Low blood pressure
d. Concentrated urine - Answer ✓✓d. Concentrated urine
Rationale: Clinical manifestations of SIADH include urine that is inappropriately concentrated
with respect to serum osmolarity.
A+ 2
, HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
A nurse is caring for a patient with SIADH. What severe complication should the nurse assess
for?
a. Stroke
b. Diabetes insipidus
c. Neurologic damage
d. Renal failure - Answer ✓✓c. Neurologic damage
Rationale: When the hyponatremia of SIADH becomes severe, 110 mEq/L to 115 mEq/L,
confusion, lethargy, muscle twitching, convulsions, and severe and sometimes irreversible
neurologic damage may occur.
A 22-year-old male is admitted to the intensive care unit with a closed head injury sustained
in a motorcycle accident. The injury has caused severe damage to the posterior pituitary.
Which of the following complications should the nurse anticipate?
a. Dilutional hyponatremia
b. Dehydration from polyuria
c. Cardiac arrest from hyperkalemia
d. Metabolic acidosis - Answer ✓✓b. Dehydration from polyuria
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is a well-recognized complication of closed head injury and is
manifested by polyuria leading to dehydration.
A+ 3
, HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
While planning care for a patient from general anesthesia, which principle should the nurse
remember? A side effect of some general anesthetic agents is _____ diabetes insipidus.
a. Neurogenic
b. Nephrogenic
c. Psychogenic
d. Allogenic - Answer ✓✓b. Nephrogenic
Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus (DM), and SIADH share which of the following
assessment manifestations?
a. Polyuria
b. Edema
c. Vomiting and abdominal cramping
d. Thirst - Answer ✓✓d. Thirst
A 50-year-old male patient presents with polyuria and extreme thirst. He was given
exogenous ADH. For which of the following conditions would this treatment be effective?
a. Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
b. Psychogenic diabetes insipidus
c. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
d. SIADH - Answer ✓✓a. Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
A+ 4
FINAL EXAM
HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026
COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
A nurse is discussing endocrine system dysfunction with a patient. Which statement indicates
the patient understood? Endocrine system dysfunction can result from hyposecretion,
hypersecretion, or from:
a. Abnormal receptor activity
b. Abnormal hormone levels
c. Increased synthesis of second messengers
d. Extracellular electrolyte alterations - Answer ✓✓a. Abnormal receptor activity
Rationale: Dysfunction may result from abnormal cell receptor function or from altered
intracellular response to the hormone-receptor complex.
An aide asks the nurse what is the most common cause of elevated levels of antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) secretion. How should the nurse respond?
a. Autoimmune disease
A+ 1
, HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
b. Cancer
c. Pregnancy
d. Heart failure - Answer ✓✓b. Cancer
A 54-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (lung infection) is evaluated for syndrome
of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would
be expected in this patient?
a. Hyponatremia
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Hypernatremia
d. Hypokalemia - Answer ✓✓a. Hyponatremia
Rationale: Hyponatremia occurs due to increased water reabsorption by kidneys.
A 44-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (lung infection) is evaluated for SIADH.
Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in this patient?
a. Peripheral edema
b. Tachycardia
c. Low blood pressure
d. Concentrated urine - Answer ✓✓d. Concentrated urine
Rationale: Clinical manifestations of SIADH include urine that is inappropriately concentrated
with respect to serum osmolarity.
A+ 2
, HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
A nurse is caring for a patient with SIADH. What severe complication should the nurse assess
for?
a. Stroke
b. Diabetes insipidus
c. Neurologic damage
d. Renal failure - Answer ✓✓c. Neurologic damage
Rationale: When the hyponatremia of SIADH becomes severe, 110 mEq/L to 115 mEq/L,
confusion, lethargy, muscle twitching, convulsions, and severe and sometimes irreversible
neurologic damage may occur.
A 22-year-old male is admitted to the intensive care unit with a closed head injury sustained
in a motorcycle accident. The injury has caused severe damage to the posterior pituitary.
Which of the following complications should the nurse anticipate?
a. Dilutional hyponatremia
b. Dehydration from polyuria
c. Cardiac arrest from hyperkalemia
d. Metabolic acidosis - Answer ✓✓b. Dehydration from polyuria
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is a well-recognized complication of closed head injury and is
manifested by polyuria leading to dehydration.
A+ 3
, HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
While planning care for a patient from general anesthesia, which principle should the nurse
remember? A side effect of some general anesthetic agents is _____ diabetes insipidus.
a. Neurogenic
b. Nephrogenic
c. Psychogenic
d. Allogenic - Answer ✓✓b. Nephrogenic
Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus (DM), and SIADH share which of the following
assessment manifestations?
a. Polyuria
b. Edema
c. Vomiting and abdominal cramping
d. Thirst - Answer ✓✓d. Thirst
A 50-year-old male patient presents with polyuria and extreme thirst. He was given
exogenous ADH. For which of the following conditions would this treatment be effective?
a. Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
b. Psychogenic diabetes insipidus
c. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
d. SIADH - Answer ✓✓a. Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
A+ 4
