Database Systems 2025/2026 Exam
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Latest Update
File-Based Systems - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Collection of application programs that
perform services for the end users (e.g. reports). Each program defines and
manages its own data.
Limitations of File-Based Systems - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Separation and isolation of
data
- Duplication of data
- Data dependence (File structure is defined in the program code)
- Incompatible file formats (Programs written in different languages and so cannot
easily access each others files)
,- Fixed queries/ proliferation of application programs
Necessity of Database Approach - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Because previously:
Definition of data embedded in programs and therefore not stored separately and
independently
No control over access and manipulation of data beyond that imposed by
application programs
Database - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Shared collection of logically related data (and
description of this data) designed to meet information needs of an organisation.
- Logically related data comprises entities, attributes, and relationships of an
organisation's information.
System Catalog (metadata) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Description of data that enables
program-data independence
Roles in Database Environment - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Data Administrator (DA)
,- Database Administrator (DBA)
- Database Designers (logical and physical)
- Application Programmers
- End users (naive and sophisticated)
Database Management System (DBMS) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A software system that
enables users to define, create, maintain, and control access to the database.
(Database) Application Program - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Computer program that
interacts with the database by issuing appropriate queries (SQL statement) to the
DBMS
Data Definition Language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Permits specification of data types,
structures, and any data constraints
- All specifications are stored in the database
Data Manipulation Language (DML) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔General enquiry facility
(query language) of the data
Views - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Allows each user to have his or her own view of the
database
- View is essentially some subset of the database
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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, Benefits of Views - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Reduce complexity
- Provide a level of security
- Provide a mechanism to customise the appearance of the database
- Present a consistent, unchanging picture of the database, even if the underlying
database is changed
Components of the Database - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hardware (Machine)
Software (Machine)
Data (Bridge)
Procedures (Human)
People (Human)
3 Generations of DBMS - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔First generation: Hierarchical and
Network
Second generation: Relational
Third generation: Object-relational &Object-oriented
Advantages of DBMS - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Control of data redundancy
- Data consistency
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Latest Update
File-Based Systems - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Collection of application programs that
perform services for the end users (e.g. reports). Each program defines and
manages its own data.
Limitations of File-Based Systems - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Separation and isolation of
data
- Duplication of data
- Data dependence (File structure is defined in the program code)
- Incompatible file formats (Programs written in different languages and so cannot
easily access each others files)
,- Fixed queries/ proliferation of application programs
Necessity of Database Approach - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Because previously:
Definition of data embedded in programs and therefore not stored separately and
independently
No control over access and manipulation of data beyond that imposed by
application programs
Database - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Shared collection of logically related data (and
description of this data) designed to meet information needs of an organisation.
- Logically related data comprises entities, attributes, and relationships of an
organisation's information.
System Catalog (metadata) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Description of data that enables
program-data independence
Roles in Database Environment - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Data Administrator (DA)
,- Database Administrator (DBA)
- Database Designers (logical and physical)
- Application Programmers
- End users (naive and sophisticated)
Database Management System (DBMS) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A software system that
enables users to define, create, maintain, and control access to the database.
(Database) Application Program - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Computer program that
interacts with the database by issuing appropriate queries (SQL statement) to the
DBMS
Data Definition Language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Permits specification of data types,
structures, and any data constraints
- All specifications are stored in the database
Data Manipulation Language (DML) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔General enquiry facility
(query language) of the data
Views - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Allows each user to have his or her own view of the
database
- View is essentially some subset of the database
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, Benefits of Views - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Reduce complexity
- Provide a level of security
- Provide a mechanism to customise the appearance of the database
- Present a consistent, unchanging picture of the database, even if the underlying
database is changed
Components of the Database - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hardware (Machine)
Software (Machine)
Data (Bridge)
Procedures (Human)
People (Human)
3 Generations of DBMS - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔First generation: Hierarchical and
Network
Second generation: Relational
Third generation: Object-relational &Object-oriented
Advantages of DBMS - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- Control of data redundancy
- Data consistency
