8/9/25, 1:33 AM CEM 141 Chapter 3 Test Exam ELABORATIONS QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE | 100% SOLVED!! Flashc…
CEM 141 Chapter 3 Test Exam ELABORATIONS
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE |
100% SOLVED!!
Similarities between LDF they have similar causes: electrostatic attraction of the
and Covalent Bond electron of one atom to the nucleus of the other
Differences between LDF 1. magnitude of attraction
and Covalent Bond 2. how the electrons are arranged in the new species formed by
the interaction
Why do bonds form between because valence electrons are attracted to the nuclei of other
atoms? atoms
1. valence electrons from one atom become attracted
to the nucleus of the other atom
Covalent Bonds 2. each nucleus is attracting both electrons
3. when bonds form energy is released to surrounding
What is bond length? the most stable distance between atoms (lowest PE)
1. atomic orbitals can combine constructively to form a
molecular orbital of lower energy (in phase)
2. atomic orbitals can combine destructively to form a
Molecular Orbital Theory molecular orbital of higher energy (out of phase)
3. combine n atomic orbitals--> n molecular orbitals
4. Bonding and Anti-bonding orbitals
a. both are in the same place of space, just at different energies
1. of lower energy than the atomic orbitals (typically)--> stabilizing
Bonding Orbitals
a. electrons in bonding orbitals make the species more stable
1. of higher energy than the atomic orbitals and destabilizing
Anti-bonding Orbitals
a. electrons in anti-bonding orbitals make the species less stable
1. In H2: 2 electrons in a bonding orbital make 1 bond (H2
Why do 2 H atoms form a has one bond between 2 H atoms)
bond while 2 He atoms 2. In He: 2 electrons in a bonding MO is stabilizing,
don't? but 2 electrons in an anti- bonding MO cancel out
stabilization (so no bonds between He atoms)
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, 8/9/25, 1:33 AM CEM 141 Chapter 3 Test Exam ELABORATIONS QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE | 100% SOLVED!! Flashc…
1. In hydrogen-hydrogen, only the bonding MO is
occupied, leading to a net stabilization of the
interaction
Bonding in H and He a. to break the bond, enough energy has to be
added to raise an electron to the anti-bonding
orbital
2. In helium-helium, both bonding and anti-bonding
molecular orbitals are occupied. Because their energies
(negative for bonding orbital and positive for anti-
bonding orbital) are equal and opposite, there is no
net stabilization for interaction
If we combine 2 atoms with 20
10 atomic orbitals each, how
many molecular orbitals will
result?
If 2 elements in the second 1. O: 1s2 2s2 2p6
row (ex. 2 O atoms) were a. there are 5 atomic orbitals from each O being combined, 5+5=
10
to interact, how many
i. Answer: 10
molecular orbitals would be
generated by the atomic
orbitals in the core and
valence shells?
How many bonds form 2 bonds (only concerned with valence electrons)
between 2 O atoms?
1. shiny
2. conduct electricity and heat
a. because electrons can move freely
What properties do metals
3. malleable and ductile
have?
a. malleable because atoms can move with respect to one
another
4. may be colored (gold, copper)- silver is colorless (like most
metals)
1. lots of atomic orbitals combine with each other to
form molecular orbitals (an equal number)
How does bonding in
2. As the number of Molecular Orbital's increases, the
metals explain their
energy distance between them decreases and they
properties?
form bands of Molecular Orbitals (of almost continuous
energy)
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CEM 141 Chapter 3 Test Exam ELABORATIONS
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE |
100% SOLVED!!
Similarities between LDF they have similar causes: electrostatic attraction of the
and Covalent Bond electron of one atom to the nucleus of the other
Differences between LDF 1. magnitude of attraction
and Covalent Bond 2. how the electrons are arranged in the new species formed by
the interaction
Why do bonds form between because valence electrons are attracted to the nuclei of other
atoms? atoms
1. valence electrons from one atom become attracted
to the nucleus of the other atom
Covalent Bonds 2. each nucleus is attracting both electrons
3. when bonds form energy is released to surrounding
What is bond length? the most stable distance between atoms (lowest PE)
1. atomic orbitals can combine constructively to form a
molecular orbital of lower energy (in phase)
2. atomic orbitals can combine destructively to form a
Molecular Orbital Theory molecular orbital of higher energy (out of phase)
3. combine n atomic orbitals--> n molecular orbitals
4. Bonding and Anti-bonding orbitals
a. both are in the same place of space, just at different energies
1. of lower energy than the atomic orbitals (typically)--> stabilizing
Bonding Orbitals
a. electrons in bonding orbitals make the species more stable
1. of higher energy than the atomic orbitals and destabilizing
Anti-bonding Orbitals
a. electrons in anti-bonding orbitals make the species less stable
1. In H2: 2 electrons in a bonding orbital make 1 bond (H2
Why do 2 H atoms form a has one bond between 2 H atoms)
bond while 2 He atoms 2. In He: 2 electrons in a bonding MO is stabilizing,
don't? but 2 electrons in an anti- bonding MO cancel out
stabilization (so no bonds between He atoms)
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, 8/9/25, 1:33 AM CEM 141 Chapter 3 Test Exam ELABORATIONS QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE | 100% SOLVED!! Flashc…
1. In hydrogen-hydrogen, only the bonding MO is
occupied, leading to a net stabilization of the
interaction
Bonding in H and He a. to break the bond, enough energy has to be
added to raise an electron to the anti-bonding
orbital
2. In helium-helium, both bonding and anti-bonding
molecular orbitals are occupied. Because their energies
(negative for bonding orbital and positive for anti-
bonding orbital) are equal and opposite, there is no
net stabilization for interaction
If we combine 2 atoms with 20
10 atomic orbitals each, how
many molecular orbitals will
result?
If 2 elements in the second 1. O: 1s2 2s2 2p6
row (ex. 2 O atoms) were a. there are 5 atomic orbitals from each O being combined, 5+5=
10
to interact, how many
i. Answer: 10
molecular orbitals would be
generated by the atomic
orbitals in the core and
valence shells?
How many bonds form 2 bonds (only concerned with valence electrons)
between 2 O atoms?
1. shiny
2. conduct electricity and heat
a. because electrons can move freely
What properties do metals
3. malleable and ductile
have?
a. malleable because atoms can move with respect to one
another
4. may be colored (gold, copper)- silver is colorless (like most
metals)
1. lots of atomic orbitals combine with each other to
form molecular orbitals (an equal number)
How does bonding in
2. As the number of Molecular Orbital's increases, the
metals explain their
energy distance between them decreases and they
properties?
form bands of Molecular Orbitals (of almost continuous
energy)
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