Organic Chemistry 1 Reactions
- ACS Comprehensive
Questions (Frequently Tested)
with Verified Answers Graded
A+
Alkane to Bromoalkane - Answer: Br2, UV light
Alkene to Bromoalkane - Answer: HBr, 20C
Alkene to Dibromoalkane - Answer: Br2, 20C
Alkene to Alkane - Answer: Ni Catalyst, H2 gas
or
Pt Catalyst, H2 gas
Alkene to Alcohol - Answer: H3PO4 Catalyst
or
Conc. H2SO4, Water
Alcohol to Alkene - Answer: Conc. H2SO4,
, or
Al2O3, 400C
Bromoalkane to Alcohol - Answer: NaOH
Primary Alcohol to Aldehyde - Answer: K2Cr2O7 (acidified with H2SO4)
Primary Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid - Answer: K2Cr2O7 (acidified with H2SO4)
Secondary Alcohol to Ketone - Answer: K2Cr2O7 (acidified with H2SO4)
H2CrO4 - Answer: Chromic acid is a strong acid and an oxidant. It will oxidize secondary alcohols
to ketones and primary alcohols to carboxylic acids. It is sometimes generated by using K2Cr2O7
in the presence of a strong acid.
H2O2 - Answer: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the preferred oxidant in the hydroboration
reaction, resulting in the formation of alcohols. Furthermore, it will oxidize aldehydes to
carboxylic acids. This is seen in its use for the oxidative workup in ozonolysis.
H2SO4 - Answer: Sulfuric acid is a strong acid. It is particularly useful as an acid for elimination
reactions, since the conjugate base is a very poor nucleophile. It is used in many other reactions
simply as a strong acid.
HIO4 - Answer: Periodic acid is an oxidant that is useful for the cleavage of 1,2 diols (vicinal
diols) into aldehydes or ketones.
KOC(CH3)3 - Answer: Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong, sterically hindered base. It is the
prototypical "bulky base", useful for forming less substituted (Hoffmann) alkenes in elimination
reactions.
- ACS Comprehensive
Questions (Frequently Tested)
with Verified Answers Graded
A+
Alkane to Bromoalkane - Answer: Br2, UV light
Alkene to Bromoalkane - Answer: HBr, 20C
Alkene to Dibromoalkane - Answer: Br2, 20C
Alkene to Alkane - Answer: Ni Catalyst, H2 gas
or
Pt Catalyst, H2 gas
Alkene to Alcohol - Answer: H3PO4 Catalyst
or
Conc. H2SO4, Water
Alcohol to Alkene - Answer: Conc. H2SO4,
, or
Al2O3, 400C
Bromoalkane to Alcohol - Answer: NaOH
Primary Alcohol to Aldehyde - Answer: K2Cr2O7 (acidified with H2SO4)
Primary Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid - Answer: K2Cr2O7 (acidified with H2SO4)
Secondary Alcohol to Ketone - Answer: K2Cr2O7 (acidified with H2SO4)
H2CrO4 - Answer: Chromic acid is a strong acid and an oxidant. It will oxidize secondary alcohols
to ketones and primary alcohols to carboxylic acids. It is sometimes generated by using K2Cr2O7
in the presence of a strong acid.
H2O2 - Answer: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the preferred oxidant in the hydroboration
reaction, resulting in the formation of alcohols. Furthermore, it will oxidize aldehydes to
carboxylic acids. This is seen in its use for the oxidative workup in ozonolysis.
H2SO4 - Answer: Sulfuric acid is a strong acid. It is particularly useful as an acid for elimination
reactions, since the conjugate base is a very poor nucleophile. It is used in many other reactions
simply as a strong acid.
HIO4 - Answer: Periodic acid is an oxidant that is useful for the cleavage of 1,2 diols (vicinal
diols) into aldehydes or ketones.
KOC(CH3)3 - Answer: Potassium tert-butoxide is a strong, sterically hindered base. It is the
prototypical "bulky base", useful for forming less substituted (Hoffmann) alkenes in elimination
reactions.
