MGT 340 Final Exam Part III Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
confirmation - AnswersRoger runs a small nonprofit group. He wants to buy a copier, because
he knows it will be cheaper than going to the copy store. One of the other employees remarks
that they should make do with an inexpensive copier from Walmart or Staples, but Roger wants
one that will copy legal documents and collate reports. Roger may be impacted by _______ bias.
intuition - AnswersRachel bought a table at a thrift store for $20. She had a feeling it might be
valuable. When cleaned up and assessed, the table turned out to be an antique from the 1700s,
worth $3,250. What was Rachel using to make her decision?
anchoring - AnswersIn the _________ bias, a decision maker is influenced by the first information
received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant.
overconfidence - AnswersJosephine is about to graduate from college and is excited about
joining her two roommates to start a small coffee shop near campus. She has never started a
business before, but she is sure that her business degree has taught her everything she needs
to know. The three of them have enough money for their initial costs and figure that they can
cover their expenses with the cash flow from the business. Which heuristic is probably involved?
True - AnswersTrue or False: Evidence-based decision making should sometimes be used in
supporting decisions.
confidence and goodwill about the company - AnswersEvidence collected after the fact can be
used to convince an external audience that the organization is following a sound course of
action in a complex and ambiguous decision context. On the positive side, this can lead to
analytical - AnswersDr. Barbara Sonders determines financial trends in European markets. She
analyzes worldwide financial and economic trends to determine the best course of action for
European economies. Her decisions are based on complicated and sometimes ambiguous
information, and she has to carefully considers all sides of the issue.
What type of decision-making style does Dr. Sonders possess?
directive - AnswersMarvin is a medical technician who administers stress tests. He has a low
tolerance for ambiguity and is oriented toward task and technical concerns when making
decisions. The ________ style is well suited for this position.
To ask employees to enter the building only after the structural problems had been fixed, and to
ask customers for some leeway in filling orders. - AnswersWanston operates factories in
Southeast Asia. After a fire burned down one of the factories, Wanston needs to decide whether
to continue operating in a damaged building or to wait until the damage has been repaired and
chance losing orders. What might the ethical decision be?
, Delphi Technique - Answers_________ is a group process that anonymously generates ideas or
judgments from physically dispersed experts.
idea evaluation/validation - AnswersSelecting the most creative and promising idea from
among multiple options relies on analytical and mainly conscious thinking. This is _______, the
final stage opf the creative performance process.
legitimate - AnswersDewey, a manager at the Busy Bee Restaurant, gives Alice her schedule for
the next week. Alice knows she must follow that schedule. What kind of power is Dewey
exercising?
True - AnswersTrue or False: Coercive power has a slightly negative effect
Expert; commitment - Answers___________ power tends to produce __________.
negative legitimate, coercive, reward - AnswersCompliance can be a result of __________ power.
Position - Answers______ power is the type of influence a person exercises because of the job
he or she holds.
reward; complying - AnswersProfessor Smith promises Professor Davis that he will buy him
dinner if Professor Davis covers class for him one day while Professor Smith is presenting a
paper at a conference. Professor Davis agrees, although he is merely going to hand out an
assignment to students and be available for questions if they have any. Professor Smith is
using his ________ power and Professor Davis is ________.
empowerment - AnswersGrace's overriding goal is to increase productivity and competitiveness
in her company. She is willing to take her time, because she knows that _____ is a matter of
degree, not an either-or proposition.
empowerment - Answers_________ is(are) the efforts to enhance employee performance, well-
being, and positive attitudes.
authoritarian power - AnswersFred always announces his decisions at weekly staff meetings.
He doesn't waste time asking for employee input because he already knows what he wants to
do. This reflects ________, the lowest level of empowerment.
self-efficacy - AnswersPsychological empowerment is related to
consultation - AnswersAlexis, a customer service supervisor at ABC Airlines, typically seeks the
full participation of her team members when planning, making important decisions, and
implementing changes. Which one of the nine generic influence tactics is she using?
legitimating tactics - AnswersWhich of the following is a "hard" influence tactic?
ingratiation - AnswersCarl needs a day off from his work. But he is apprehensive that David, his
manager, will not grant the leave. Carl knows that David wants to shed a few pounds and has
confirmation - AnswersRoger runs a small nonprofit group. He wants to buy a copier, because
he knows it will be cheaper than going to the copy store. One of the other employees remarks
that they should make do with an inexpensive copier from Walmart or Staples, but Roger wants
one that will copy legal documents and collate reports. Roger may be impacted by _______ bias.
intuition - AnswersRachel bought a table at a thrift store for $20. She had a feeling it might be
valuable. When cleaned up and assessed, the table turned out to be an antique from the 1700s,
worth $3,250. What was Rachel using to make her decision?
anchoring - AnswersIn the _________ bias, a decision maker is influenced by the first information
received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant.
overconfidence - AnswersJosephine is about to graduate from college and is excited about
joining her two roommates to start a small coffee shop near campus. She has never started a
business before, but she is sure that her business degree has taught her everything she needs
to know. The three of them have enough money for their initial costs and figure that they can
cover their expenses with the cash flow from the business. Which heuristic is probably involved?
True - AnswersTrue or False: Evidence-based decision making should sometimes be used in
supporting decisions.
confidence and goodwill about the company - AnswersEvidence collected after the fact can be
used to convince an external audience that the organization is following a sound course of
action in a complex and ambiguous decision context. On the positive side, this can lead to
analytical - AnswersDr. Barbara Sonders determines financial trends in European markets. She
analyzes worldwide financial and economic trends to determine the best course of action for
European economies. Her decisions are based on complicated and sometimes ambiguous
information, and she has to carefully considers all sides of the issue.
What type of decision-making style does Dr. Sonders possess?
directive - AnswersMarvin is a medical technician who administers stress tests. He has a low
tolerance for ambiguity and is oriented toward task and technical concerns when making
decisions. The ________ style is well suited for this position.
To ask employees to enter the building only after the structural problems had been fixed, and to
ask customers for some leeway in filling orders. - AnswersWanston operates factories in
Southeast Asia. After a fire burned down one of the factories, Wanston needs to decide whether
to continue operating in a damaged building or to wait until the damage has been repaired and
chance losing orders. What might the ethical decision be?
, Delphi Technique - Answers_________ is a group process that anonymously generates ideas or
judgments from physically dispersed experts.
idea evaluation/validation - AnswersSelecting the most creative and promising idea from
among multiple options relies on analytical and mainly conscious thinking. This is _______, the
final stage opf the creative performance process.
legitimate - AnswersDewey, a manager at the Busy Bee Restaurant, gives Alice her schedule for
the next week. Alice knows she must follow that schedule. What kind of power is Dewey
exercising?
True - AnswersTrue or False: Coercive power has a slightly negative effect
Expert; commitment - Answers___________ power tends to produce __________.
negative legitimate, coercive, reward - AnswersCompliance can be a result of __________ power.
Position - Answers______ power is the type of influence a person exercises because of the job
he or she holds.
reward; complying - AnswersProfessor Smith promises Professor Davis that he will buy him
dinner if Professor Davis covers class for him one day while Professor Smith is presenting a
paper at a conference. Professor Davis agrees, although he is merely going to hand out an
assignment to students and be available for questions if they have any. Professor Smith is
using his ________ power and Professor Davis is ________.
empowerment - AnswersGrace's overriding goal is to increase productivity and competitiveness
in her company. She is willing to take her time, because she knows that _____ is a matter of
degree, not an either-or proposition.
empowerment - Answers_________ is(are) the efforts to enhance employee performance, well-
being, and positive attitudes.
authoritarian power - AnswersFred always announces his decisions at weekly staff meetings.
He doesn't waste time asking for employee input because he already knows what he wants to
do. This reflects ________, the lowest level of empowerment.
self-efficacy - AnswersPsychological empowerment is related to
consultation - AnswersAlexis, a customer service supervisor at ABC Airlines, typically seeks the
full participation of her team members when planning, making important decisions, and
implementing changes. Which one of the nine generic influence tactics is she using?
legitimating tactics - AnswersWhich of the following is a "hard" influence tactic?
ingratiation - AnswersCarl needs a day off from his work. But he is apprehensive that David, his
manager, will not grant the leave. Carl knows that David wants to shed a few pounds and has
