2025 ATI RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam
– 80 Authentic NGN Questions with Drug
Class Focus, 100% Verified Answers &
Clinical Rationales | A+ Graded
Section 1: Cardiovascular Drugs (Questions 1–15)
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) to a client with heart failure. Which drug
class does digoxin belong to?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Cardiac glycosides
C. ACE inhibitors
D. Diuretics
Answer: B. Cardiac glycosides
Rationale: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used to increase cardiac contractility and control heart
rate in heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Beta-blockers (A), ACE inhibitors (C), and diuretics
(D) are different classes used for cardiovascular conditions.
Question 2 (Multiple Choice)
A client receiving metoprolol (Lopressor) reports dizziness when standing. To which drug class
does metoprolol belong, and what is the likely cause of this symptom?
A. Calcium channel blockers, hypotension
B. Beta-blockers, orthostatic hypotension
C. ACE inhibitors, electrolyte imbalance
D. Diuretics, dehydration
Answer: B. Beta-blockers, orthostatic hypotension
Rationale: Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that reduces heart rate and blood pressure, which can
cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness upon standing.
Question 3 (Multiple Choice)
A nurse is educating a client on lisinopril (Zestril). Which drug class does lisinopril belong to,
and what is a common side effect?
A. ARBs, hyperkalemia
B. ACE inhibitors, dry cough
,C. Beta-blockers, bradycardia
D. Diuretics, hypokalemia
Answer: B. ACE inhibitors, dry cough
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that lowers blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin II.
A common side effect is a persistent dry cough due to bradykinin accumulation.
Question 4 (Multiple Choice)
A client is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). To which drug class does it belong, and what
electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor?
A. Loop diuretics, hypokalemia
B. Thiazide diuretics, hyperkalemia
C. Potassium-sparing diuretics, hypocalcemia
D. Osmotic diuretics, hyponatremia
Answer: A. Loop diuretics, hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases urine output, leading to potassium loss
and risk of hypokalemia, which requires monitoring.
Question 5 (Multiple Choice)
A nurse administers verapamil (Calan) to a client with hypertension. To which drug class does
verapamil belong?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Calcium channel blockers
C. ACE inhibitors
D. ARBs
Answer: B. Calcium channel blockers
Rationale: Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that relaxes blood vessels and slows heart
rate, used for hypertension and arrhythmias.
Question 6 (Multiple Choice)
A client on digoxin (Lanoxin) shows signs of toxicity (nausea, blurred vision). What is the
antidote for digoxin toxicity?
A. Naloxone
B. Vitamin K
C. Digibind
D. Flumazenil
, Answer: C. Digibind
Rationale: Digibind (digoxin immune Fab) binds to digoxin to reverse toxicity. Naloxone (A) is
for opioid overdose, Vitamin K (B) for warfarin, and Flumazenil (D) for benzodiazepines.
Question 7 (Multiple Choice)
A nurse is monitoring a client on atenolol (Tenormin). Which drug class does atenolol belong to,
and what vital sign should be assessed?
A. Beta-blockers, heart rate
B. Calcium channel blockers, blood pressure
C. ACE inhibitors, respiratory rate
D. Diuretics, temperature
Answer: A. Beta-blockers, heart rate
Rationale: Atenolol is a beta-blocker that can cause bradycardia, requiring heart rate monitoring
before administration.
Question 8 (Multiple Choice)
A client is prescribed losartan (Cozaar). To which drug class does it belong, and what is its
primary action?
A. ACE inhibitors, inhibits angiotensin II
B. ARBs, blocks angiotensin II receptors
C. Beta-blockers, reduces heart rate
D. Diuretics, increases urine output
Answer: B. ARBs, blocks angiotensin II receptors
Rationale: Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that reduces blood pressure by
blocking angiotensin II receptors, without the cough associated with ACE inhibitors.
Question 9 (Multiple Choice)
A nurse is preparing to administer spironolactone (Aldactone). To which drug class does it
belong, and what lab value should be monitored?
A. Loop diuretics, sodium
B. Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium
C. Thiazide diuretics, calcium
D. Osmotic diuretics, glucose
Answer: B. Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can cause hyperkalemia, requiring
potassium level monitoring.
– 80 Authentic NGN Questions with Drug
Class Focus, 100% Verified Answers &
Clinical Rationales | A+ Graded
Section 1: Cardiovascular Drugs (Questions 1–15)
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) to a client with heart failure. Which drug
class does digoxin belong to?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Cardiac glycosides
C. ACE inhibitors
D. Diuretics
Answer: B. Cardiac glycosides
Rationale: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used to increase cardiac contractility and control heart
rate in heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Beta-blockers (A), ACE inhibitors (C), and diuretics
(D) are different classes used for cardiovascular conditions.
Question 2 (Multiple Choice)
A client receiving metoprolol (Lopressor) reports dizziness when standing. To which drug class
does metoprolol belong, and what is the likely cause of this symptom?
A. Calcium channel blockers, hypotension
B. Beta-blockers, orthostatic hypotension
C. ACE inhibitors, electrolyte imbalance
D. Diuretics, dehydration
Answer: B. Beta-blockers, orthostatic hypotension
Rationale: Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that reduces heart rate and blood pressure, which can
cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness upon standing.
Question 3 (Multiple Choice)
A nurse is educating a client on lisinopril (Zestril). Which drug class does lisinopril belong to,
and what is a common side effect?
A. ARBs, hyperkalemia
B. ACE inhibitors, dry cough
,C. Beta-blockers, bradycardia
D. Diuretics, hypokalemia
Answer: B. ACE inhibitors, dry cough
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that lowers blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin II.
A common side effect is a persistent dry cough due to bradykinin accumulation.
Question 4 (Multiple Choice)
A client is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). To which drug class does it belong, and what
electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor?
A. Loop diuretics, hypokalemia
B. Thiazide diuretics, hyperkalemia
C. Potassium-sparing diuretics, hypocalcemia
D. Osmotic diuretics, hyponatremia
Answer: A. Loop diuretics, hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases urine output, leading to potassium loss
and risk of hypokalemia, which requires monitoring.
Question 5 (Multiple Choice)
A nurse administers verapamil (Calan) to a client with hypertension. To which drug class does
verapamil belong?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Calcium channel blockers
C. ACE inhibitors
D. ARBs
Answer: B. Calcium channel blockers
Rationale: Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that relaxes blood vessels and slows heart
rate, used for hypertension and arrhythmias.
Question 6 (Multiple Choice)
A client on digoxin (Lanoxin) shows signs of toxicity (nausea, blurred vision). What is the
antidote for digoxin toxicity?
A. Naloxone
B. Vitamin K
C. Digibind
D. Flumazenil
, Answer: C. Digibind
Rationale: Digibind (digoxin immune Fab) binds to digoxin to reverse toxicity. Naloxone (A) is
for opioid overdose, Vitamin K (B) for warfarin, and Flumazenil (D) for benzodiazepines.
Question 7 (Multiple Choice)
A nurse is monitoring a client on atenolol (Tenormin). Which drug class does atenolol belong to,
and what vital sign should be assessed?
A. Beta-blockers, heart rate
B. Calcium channel blockers, blood pressure
C. ACE inhibitors, respiratory rate
D. Diuretics, temperature
Answer: A. Beta-blockers, heart rate
Rationale: Atenolol is a beta-blocker that can cause bradycardia, requiring heart rate monitoring
before administration.
Question 8 (Multiple Choice)
A client is prescribed losartan (Cozaar). To which drug class does it belong, and what is its
primary action?
A. ACE inhibitors, inhibits angiotensin II
B. ARBs, blocks angiotensin II receptors
C. Beta-blockers, reduces heart rate
D. Diuretics, increases urine output
Answer: B. ARBs, blocks angiotensin II receptors
Rationale: Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that reduces blood pressure by
blocking angiotensin II receptors, without the cough associated with ACE inhibitors.
Question 9 (Multiple Choice)
A nurse is preparing to administer spironolactone (Aldactone). To which drug class does it
belong, and what lab value should be monitored?
A. Loop diuretics, sodium
B. Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium
C. Thiazide diuretics, calcium
D. Osmotic diuretics, glucose
Answer: B. Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can cause hyperkalemia, requiring
potassium level monitoring.
