Pharm Exam 3 questions and answers with
solutions 2025/2026
OMEPRAZOLE (Prilosec) Classification - ANSWER Proton Pump Inhibitor
OMEPRAZOLE (Prilosec) MOA - ANSWER Suppresses acid secretion by
irreversibly inhibiting H,K-ATPase (proton pump) which is the enzyme
that makes gastric acid.
- Act more efficiently and longer than H2 receptor antagonists
OMEPRAZOLE (Prilosec) Indications - ANSWER PUD caused by NSAIDs
- Decreases gastric secretion by 90%
OMEPRAZOLE (Prilosec) Education - ANSWER - Should be used no longer
than absolutely necessary. {About 6-12 weeks)
- however for some conditions patients will have to be on PPI's for
decades. E.g. hiatal hernia.
OMEPRAZOLE (Prilosec) Adverse Effects - ANSWER - B12 Deficiency
- Diarrhea
- HA
- Hypomagnesemia
,- Fractures
- Nausea
- Pneumonia
- Rebound acid hyper secretion
- Vomiting
Cimetidine (Tagamet) Classification - ANSWER Histamine2 Receptor
Antagonists
Cimetidine (Tagamet) MOA - ANSWER - Blocks H2 receptors which are
located on parietal cells in the stomach which promotes less secretion of
gastric acid
- less effective than proton pump inhibitors.
- Promotes healing of gastric & duodenal ulcers and relieves Sx of GERD.
Cimetidine (Tagamet) Adverse Effects - ANSWER - confusion
- CNS depression (lethargy, somnolence)
- CNS excitation (seizures, restlessness)
- hallucinations
- pneumonia
- IV bolus can cause hypotension/dysrhythmias
Ranitidine (Zantac) Classification - ANSWER H2 Receptor Antagonist
,Ranitidine (Zantac) MOA - ANSWER - Blocks H2 receptors which are
located on parietal cells in the stomach which promotes less secretion of
gastric acid
- less effective than proton pump inhibitors.
- Promotes healing of gastric & duodenal ulcers and relieves Sx of GERD.
Ranitidine (Zantac) Adverse Effects - ANSWER - may increase risk of
pneumonia due to elevation of gastric pH
- accumulation occurs in renal impairment.
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Classification - ANSWER Dopamine antagonist
- promotes gastric emptying
Metoclopramide (Reglan) MOA - ANSWER 1. Suppresses emesis by
blocking receptors for dopamine and serotonin
2. Promotes gastric emptying by increasing the tone and motility of the
GI tract by enhancing actions of acetylcholine.
Metoclopramide (Reglan): IV - ANSWER - N&V
- chemo induced N&V
- off label for vomiting of early pregnancy.
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Indications: PO - ANSWER diabetic
gastroparesis and suppression of gastroesophageal reflux
, Metoclopramide (Reglan) Adverse Effects - ANSWER - Sedation
- Tardive dyskinesia (repetitive involuntary movements of arms, legs, and
face, esp. in elderly
- Diarrhea
Metoclopramide (Reglan) C/I - ANSWER GI obstruction, perforation, or
hemorrhage
Sucralfate (Carafate) Classification - ANSWER Antiulcer
Sucralfate (Carafate) MOA - ANSWER - Undergoes polymerization and
cross linking reactions resulting in a viscid, sticky gel that adheres to the
crater surface and prevents acid from reaching the area for about 6
hours
Sucralfate (Carafate) Route - ANSWER PO QID
Sucralfate (Carafate) Drug Education - ANSWER - Do not give other oral
meds within 30 minutes of the drug since their absorption will be
impeded.
- Large tablets difficult to swallow so breaking, dissolving in water, or
giving suspension is best (check to see if liquid Rx is available)
Sucralfate (Carafate) Drug Interactions - ANSWER Antacids that contain
aluminum (raises ph >4).
Antibiotics
solutions 2025/2026
OMEPRAZOLE (Prilosec) Classification - ANSWER Proton Pump Inhibitor
OMEPRAZOLE (Prilosec) MOA - ANSWER Suppresses acid secretion by
irreversibly inhibiting H,K-ATPase (proton pump) which is the enzyme
that makes gastric acid.
- Act more efficiently and longer than H2 receptor antagonists
OMEPRAZOLE (Prilosec) Indications - ANSWER PUD caused by NSAIDs
- Decreases gastric secretion by 90%
OMEPRAZOLE (Prilosec) Education - ANSWER - Should be used no longer
than absolutely necessary. {About 6-12 weeks)
- however for some conditions patients will have to be on PPI's for
decades. E.g. hiatal hernia.
OMEPRAZOLE (Prilosec) Adverse Effects - ANSWER - B12 Deficiency
- Diarrhea
- HA
- Hypomagnesemia
,- Fractures
- Nausea
- Pneumonia
- Rebound acid hyper secretion
- Vomiting
Cimetidine (Tagamet) Classification - ANSWER Histamine2 Receptor
Antagonists
Cimetidine (Tagamet) MOA - ANSWER - Blocks H2 receptors which are
located on parietal cells in the stomach which promotes less secretion of
gastric acid
- less effective than proton pump inhibitors.
- Promotes healing of gastric & duodenal ulcers and relieves Sx of GERD.
Cimetidine (Tagamet) Adverse Effects - ANSWER - confusion
- CNS depression (lethargy, somnolence)
- CNS excitation (seizures, restlessness)
- hallucinations
- pneumonia
- IV bolus can cause hypotension/dysrhythmias
Ranitidine (Zantac) Classification - ANSWER H2 Receptor Antagonist
,Ranitidine (Zantac) MOA - ANSWER - Blocks H2 receptors which are
located on parietal cells in the stomach which promotes less secretion of
gastric acid
- less effective than proton pump inhibitors.
- Promotes healing of gastric & duodenal ulcers and relieves Sx of GERD.
Ranitidine (Zantac) Adverse Effects - ANSWER - may increase risk of
pneumonia due to elevation of gastric pH
- accumulation occurs in renal impairment.
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Classification - ANSWER Dopamine antagonist
- promotes gastric emptying
Metoclopramide (Reglan) MOA - ANSWER 1. Suppresses emesis by
blocking receptors for dopamine and serotonin
2. Promotes gastric emptying by increasing the tone and motility of the
GI tract by enhancing actions of acetylcholine.
Metoclopramide (Reglan): IV - ANSWER - N&V
- chemo induced N&V
- off label for vomiting of early pregnancy.
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Indications: PO - ANSWER diabetic
gastroparesis and suppression of gastroesophageal reflux
, Metoclopramide (Reglan) Adverse Effects - ANSWER - Sedation
- Tardive dyskinesia (repetitive involuntary movements of arms, legs, and
face, esp. in elderly
- Diarrhea
Metoclopramide (Reglan) C/I - ANSWER GI obstruction, perforation, or
hemorrhage
Sucralfate (Carafate) Classification - ANSWER Antiulcer
Sucralfate (Carafate) MOA - ANSWER - Undergoes polymerization and
cross linking reactions resulting in a viscid, sticky gel that adheres to the
crater surface and prevents acid from reaching the area for about 6
hours
Sucralfate (Carafate) Route - ANSWER PO QID
Sucralfate (Carafate) Drug Education - ANSWER - Do not give other oral
meds within 30 minutes of the drug since their absorption will be
impeded.
- Large tablets difficult to swallow so breaking, dissolving in water, or
giving suspension is best (check to see if liquid Rx is available)
Sucralfate (Carafate) Drug Interactions - ANSWER Antacids that contain
aluminum (raises ph >4).
Antibiotics
