W GU D441 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM |
Qu estions & Answ er s (Rated A+) | W ith
ver ifi ed solu tion s | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS
,W GU D441 PH ARMACOLOGY EXAM || Question s & Answ ers (Rated A+)
Midazolam (Versed) Indications - ANSWER - -mainly used for moderate sedation
-helps for amnesia /sedation
-helps to reduce anxiety
Route: IV
Temaxepam (Restoril) - ANSWER - -intermediate acting Benzo (induces sleep within 30
mins)
-take 1 hr before bed because it has a long onset of action
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
NON-BENZODIAZAPINE/MISC Hypnotic - ANSWER - -long term use
-provides a full 8 hrs of sleep
Ramelteon (Rozerem)
NON-BENZO/ MISC Hypnotic - ANSWER - -structurally similar to melatonin (Which
regulates circadian rhythm)
-agonist at melatonin receptors in the CNS
-used as a hypnotic
-used for pts who have trouble sleeping
Contraindications:
-people with severe liver dysfunction
,Drug Interactions:
-fluconazole
-ketaconazole
-rifampin
Zolpidem (Ambien)
NON BENZO/MISC Hypnotic - ANSWER - -short-acting non Benzo hypnotic
Adverse Effects:
-somnambulation (sleep walking)
Barbiturates MOA/ INDICATIONS - ANSWER - -Barbiturates are CNS depressants that
act on the brain stem in the area called 'reticular formation'.. they act by reducing the
nerve impulses traveling to the cerebral Cortex
-can also help to treat seizures because it inhibits the GABA neurotransmitters in the
CNS
INDICATIONS:
-Sedation/ hypnotic
-*the use of these are no longer used for sleep induction*
-ultrashort acting: used for anesthesia for short surgery
-short acting:sedation, seizures
Barbiturates
Contraindications, Adverse Effects - ANSWER - Contraindications:
-drug allergy
, -pregnancy
-significant respiratory issues
-severe kidney/ liver disease
Adverse Effects:
-related to the CNS: lethargy, dizziness, hangover, paradoxical restlessness/anxiety
-these drugs prevent people from REM sleep—> leading to agitation
-when this drug is stopped, rebound phenomenon can happen lead to increased
nightmares
-increased falls in older adults
Barbiturates:
Drug Interactions - ANSWER - -increases drug metabolism which can cause toxicity
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
And Phenobarbital - ANSWER - Pre-Op sedative
Principles of Drug Reconstitution - ANSWER - -process of adding a liquid dilute
(SOLVENT) to a powdered med (SOLUTE) to make a solution (w med now in liquid
form)
-necessary bc certain meds doesn't stay stable long enough to be distributed in a
solution type of form so its sent in as a powder to be reconstituted with a liquid before
drug administration
-read directions on insert / label: will tell you the type and ain't of solvent to add (ex.
Water, sterile water, saline)
-use syringe and needle to draw solvent-> powdered med
-roll vial between hands to mix (making sure the med dissolves completely in the
solution)
Qu estions & Answ er s (Rated A+) | W ith
ver ifi ed solu tion s | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS
,W GU D441 PH ARMACOLOGY EXAM || Question s & Answ ers (Rated A+)
Midazolam (Versed) Indications - ANSWER - -mainly used for moderate sedation
-helps for amnesia /sedation
-helps to reduce anxiety
Route: IV
Temaxepam (Restoril) - ANSWER - -intermediate acting Benzo (induces sleep within 30
mins)
-take 1 hr before bed because it has a long onset of action
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
NON-BENZODIAZAPINE/MISC Hypnotic - ANSWER - -long term use
-provides a full 8 hrs of sleep
Ramelteon (Rozerem)
NON-BENZO/ MISC Hypnotic - ANSWER - -structurally similar to melatonin (Which
regulates circadian rhythm)
-agonist at melatonin receptors in the CNS
-used as a hypnotic
-used for pts who have trouble sleeping
Contraindications:
-people with severe liver dysfunction
,Drug Interactions:
-fluconazole
-ketaconazole
-rifampin
Zolpidem (Ambien)
NON BENZO/MISC Hypnotic - ANSWER - -short-acting non Benzo hypnotic
Adverse Effects:
-somnambulation (sleep walking)
Barbiturates MOA/ INDICATIONS - ANSWER - -Barbiturates are CNS depressants that
act on the brain stem in the area called 'reticular formation'.. they act by reducing the
nerve impulses traveling to the cerebral Cortex
-can also help to treat seizures because it inhibits the GABA neurotransmitters in the
CNS
INDICATIONS:
-Sedation/ hypnotic
-*the use of these are no longer used for sleep induction*
-ultrashort acting: used for anesthesia for short surgery
-short acting:sedation, seizures
Barbiturates
Contraindications, Adverse Effects - ANSWER - Contraindications:
-drug allergy
, -pregnancy
-significant respiratory issues
-severe kidney/ liver disease
Adverse Effects:
-related to the CNS: lethargy, dizziness, hangover, paradoxical restlessness/anxiety
-these drugs prevent people from REM sleep—> leading to agitation
-when this drug is stopped, rebound phenomenon can happen lead to increased
nightmares
-increased falls in older adults
Barbiturates:
Drug Interactions - ANSWER - -increases drug metabolism which can cause toxicity
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
And Phenobarbital - ANSWER - Pre-Op sedative
Principles of Drug Reconstitution - ANSWER - -process of adding a liquid dilute
(SOLVENT) to a powdered med (SOLUTE) to make a solution (w med now in liquid
form)
-necessary bc certain meds doesn't stay stable long enough to be distributed in a
solution type of form so its sent in as a powder to be reconstituted with a liquid before
drug administration
-read directions on insert / label: will tell you the type and ain't of solvent to add (ex.
Water, sterile water, saline)
-use syringe and needle to draw solvent-> powdered med
-roll vial between hands to mix (making sure the med dissolves completely in the
solution)
