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CAD1501 Assignment 3(DETAILED ANSWERS) 2025 - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED

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CAD1501 Assignment 3(DETAILED ANSWERS) 2025 - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED Answers, guidelines, workings and references . uestion 1 [10 marks] 1.1 Explain the difference between "growth" and "development" in the context of child development. (4 marks) 1.2 Compare and contrast collectivist and individualist cultures in terms of child development. Use examples from the study guide to support your answer. Your answer should include the following: 1.2.1 Definitions of both cultural types. (2 marks) 1.2.2 At least two traits of each. (2 marks) 1.2.3 How these traits influence child development. (2 marks) Question 2 [20 marks] 2.1 What is "scaffolding" according to Vygotsky? (2 marks) 2.2 Name two types of reinforcement in Bandura's theory. (2 marks) 2.3 Scenario: Awande is a 16-year-old who enjoys singing, storytelling and beadwork. She struggles with science but excels in art. 2.3.1 Identify two types of intelligence Awande likely has, according to Gardner. (4 marks) 2.3.2 Which Erikson stage is she in, and what is the main psychosocial conflict? (2 marks) 2.4 Indicate whether each statement is True or False. Then, provide a brief justification for your answer based on the relevant theory. Include references from the study guide. (10 marks) 2.4.1 Piaget believed children learn best through active exploration and interaction with their environment. 2.4.2 According to Erikson, the psychosocial conflict of "industry vs inferiority" occurs during adolescence. 2.4.3 Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes three levels and six stages. 3 2.4.4 In Piaget's theory, the pre-operational stage is when children begin to think logically about abstract concepts. 2.4.5 Erikson's "identity vs role confusion" stage is critical for adolescents to develop a sense of self. 2.4.6 Kohlberg believed moral development is universal and progresses in a fixed order. 2.4.7 Piaget's formal operational stage begins around age 11 and includes the ability to think hypothetically. 2.4.8 Erikson argued that failure to resolve the "trust vs mistrust" stage can lead to difficulties forming intimate relationships later in life. 2.4.9 According to Kohlberg, in the conventional level of moral development, individuals make decisions based on personal gain. 2.4.10 Piaget emphasised the role of culture and social interaction as the primary drivers of cognitive development. 3.1.1 When does the embryonic phase end? A. Week 2 B. Week 4 C. Week 8 D. Week 12 3.1.2 During which phase does the placenta form? A. Germination phase B. Foetal phase C. Embryonic phase D. Birth 3.1.3 Which sense develops first in the foetus? A. Hearing B. Sight C. Touch D. Smell 3.1.4 According to Gesell, development follows _____. A. random patterns. B. cultural norms. C. predictable patterns. D. emotional readiness. 3.1.5 For what is foetal memory important? A. Language development B. Bonding and attachment C. Physical growth D. Gender identity 5 3.2 Read the following scenario and answer the questions: A pregnant teenager smokes, eats poorly and misses prenatal checkups. 3.2.1 Suggest three ways to improve foetal health. (3 marks) 3.3 Explain how the foetus is socially prepared for birth. (2 marks)

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CAD1501
Assignment 3 2025
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Due Date: August 2025

Detailed solutions, explanations, workings
and references.

+27 81 278 3372

, QUESTION 1

1.1.

In child development, growth means the physical changes we can see. This
includes things like getting taller, gaining weight, and the body getting stronger.
Growth is mostly about the body and can be measured. For example, a baby’s
height and weight increase as they grow older (Loggerenberg & Haasbroek, 2018).

Development, on the other hand, means the full process of change in a child’s life.
This includes not only physical growth but also how a child thinks, feels, learns,
relates to others, and behaves. It happens in five areas: physical, cognitive,
emotional, social, and normative (moral) development. Development shows how a
child matures over time. It cannot be easily measured like height, but it is very
important. For example, learning to talk, to control emotions, to share with others,
and to understand right from wrong are all part of development (Loggerenberg &
Haasbroek, 2018). Growth is part of development, but development is much bigger.



1.2:

1.2.1

A collectivist culture is one where people are taught to focus on the group, like the
family or community. The needs of the group come first. Cultures like those in Africa,
China, and India are examples (Loggerenberg & Haasbroek, 2018).

An individualist culture is one where people focus more on themselves. Personal
freedom, choice, and goals are most important. Examples include the United States,
Australia, and Germany.



1.2.2

In collectivist cultures:

 Children are taught to help others and work together.
 The family and community come before the individual.
In individualist cultures:


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