PBL 420: CRIMINAL LAW
NNicola Irving
Page 1 of 38
, Table of Contents
Robbery: ........................................................................................................................................... 5
1. Definition: ............................................................................................................................. 5
2. Assault/theft: ....................................................................................................................... 5
3. Causal nexus between violence and taking: .............................................................. 6
(a) Preceding or simultaneous violence or threats: ................................................... 6
(b) Bag snatching and robbery:........................................................................................ 6
4. Robbery with aggravating circumstances: ................................................................. 7
Extortion:.......................................................................................................................................... 7
1. Definition: ............................................................................................................................. 7
2. Advantage: ........................................................................................................................... 8
3. Causal nexus: ..................................................................................................................... 8
4. Threats/fear: ........................................................................................................................ 9
Fraud: ................................................................................................................................................ 9
1. Definition/charge sheet: ................................................................................................... 9
2. Origin: ................................................................................................................................. 10
3. Misrepresentation: ........................................................................................................... 10
4. Prejudice: ........................................................................................................................... 12
(a) Any prejudice: ............................................................................................................... 12
(b) Potential prejudice:...................................................................................................... 12
5. Causation: .......................................................................................................................... 14
6. Attempt: .............................................................................................................................. 14
7. Intention: ............................................................................................................................ 14
Forgery and uttering: .................................................................................................................. 15
1. Definition/charge sheet: ................................................................................................. 15
2. Origin: ................................................................................................................................. 15
3. Forgery: .............................................................................................................................. 15
(a) Meaning: ......................................................................................................................... 15
(b) Manner: ........................................................................................................................... 16
(c) Distinction between forgery and fraud: ................................................................. 16
4. Document:.......................................................................................................................... 16
5. Prejudice: ........................................................................................................................... 16
6. Uttering: .............................................................................................................................. 17
7. Intention: ............................................................................................................................ 17
Housebreaking with intent: ....................................................................................................... 17
1. Definition: ........................................................................................................................... 17
Page 2 of 38
, 2. Origin: ................................................................................................................................. 18
3. Breaking: ............................................................................................................................ 18
4. Entering: ............................................................................................................................. 18
5. Premises: ........................................................................................................................... 18
6. Intent to commit a crime: ............................................................................................... 18
Practical example: ....................................................................................................................... 18
Study Theme 3.5: Crimes against sexual morality and family life .................................. 19
Incest:.............................................................................................................................................. 19
1. Statutory incest: ............................................................................................................... 19
2. Common law incest: ........................................................................................................ 20
Bestiality: ....................................................................................................................................... 20
1. Statutory bestiality: ......................................................................................................... 20
2. Common law bestiality: .................................................................................................. 21
Bigamy: ........................................................................................................................................... 21
Study Theme 3.6: Crimes against public morality and religious feelings .................... 22
Public indecency:......................................................................................................................... 22
Violation of a grave/corpse: ...................................................................................................... 23
1. Violation of a grave: ........................................................................................................ 23
2. Violation of a corpse: ...................................................................................................... 23
3. Sexual acts with a corpse: ............................................................................................. 23
Study Theme 3.7: Crimes against the administration of justice and public
administration ............................................................................................................................... 24
Perjury: ........................................................................................................................................... 24
Subordination of perjury:........................................................................................................... 24
Defeating or obstructing the course of justice: ................................................................... 25
Contempt of court:....................................................................................................................... 26
Corruption:..................................................................................................................................... 27
Possession of child pornography: .......................................................................................... 28
Hacking:.......................................................................................................................................... 31
Study Theme 3.8: Crimes against the state .......................................................................... 31
High treason: ................................................................................................................................. 32
Sedition: ......................................................................................................................................... 32
Public violence: ............................................................................................................................ 33
Study Theme 4: Punishment ......................................................................................................... 34
Study Theme 4.1: Theories of punishment ........................................................................... 34
Study Theme 4.2: Forms of punishment................................................................................ 35
Page 3 of 38
, Study Theme 5: Techniques in criminal trial practice ........................................................ 38
Page 4 of 38
NNicola Irving
Page 1 of 38
, Table of Contents
Robbery: ........................................................................................................................................... 5
1. Definition: ............................................................................................................................. 5
2. Assault/theft: ....................................................................................................................... 5
3. Causal nexus between violence and taking: .............................................................. 6
(a) Preceding or simultaneous violence or threats: ................................................... 6
(b) Bag snatching and robbery:........................................................................................ 6
4. Robbery with aggravating circumstances: ................................................................. 7
Extortion:.......................................................................................................................................... 7
1. Definition: ............................................................................................................................. 7
2. Advantage: ........................................................................................................................... 8
3. Causal nexus: ..................................................................................................................... 8
4. Threats/fear: ........................................................................................................................ 9
Fraud: ................................................................................................................................................ 9
1. Definition/charge sheet: ................................................................................................... 9
2. Origin: ................................................................................................................................. 10
3. Misrepresentation: ........................................................................................................... 10
4. Prejudice: ........................................................................................................................... 12
(a) Any prejudice: ............................................................................................................... 12
(b) Potential prejudice:...................................................................................................... 12
5. Causation: .......................................................................................................................... 14
6. Attempt: .............................................................................................................................. 14
7. Intention: ............................................................................................................................ 14
Forgery and uttering: .................................................................................................................. 15
1. Definition/charge sheet: ................................................................................................. 15
2. Origin: ................................................................................................................................. 15
3. Forgery: .............................................................................................................................. 15
(a) Meaning: ......................................................................................................................... 15
(b) Manner: ........................................................................................................................... 16
(c) Distinction between forgery and fraud: ................................................................. 16
4. Document:.......................................................................................................................... 16
5. Prejudice: ........................................................................................................................... 16
6. Uttering: .............................................................................................................................. 17
7. Intention: ............................................................................................................................ 17
Housebreaking with intent: ....................................................................................................... 17
1. Definition: ........................................................................................................................... 17
Page 2 of 38
, 2. Origin: ................................................................................................................................. 18
3. Breaking: ............................................................................................................................ 18
4. Entering: ............................................................................................................................. 18
5. Premises: ........................................................................................................................... 18
6. Intent to commit a crime: ............................................................................................... 18
Practical example: ....................................................................................................................... 18
Study Theme 3.5: Crimes against sexual morality and family life .................................. 19
Incest:.............................................................................................................................................. 19
1. Statutory incest: ............................................................................................................... 19
2. Common law incest: ........................................................................................................ 20
Bestiality: ....................................................................................................................................... 20
1. Statutory bestiality: ......................................................................................................... 20
2. Common law bestiality: .................................................................................................. 21
Bigamy: ........................................................................................................................................... 21
Study Theme 3.6: Crimes against public morality and religious feelings .................... 22
Public indecency:......................................................................................................................... 22
Violation of a grave/corpse: ...................................................................................................... 23
1. Violation of a grave: ........................................................................................................ 23
2. Violation of a corpse: ...................................................................................................... 23
3. Sexual acts with a corpse: ............................................................................................. 23
Study Theme 3.7: Crimes against the administration of justice and public
administration ............................................................................................................................... 24
Perjury: ........................................................................................................................................... 24
Subordination of perjury:........................................................................................................... 24
Defeating or obstructing the course of justice: ................................................................... 25
Contempt of court:....................................................................................................................... 26
Corruption:..................................................................................................................................... 27
Possession of child pornography: .......................................................................................... 28
Hacking:.......................................................................................................................................... 31
Study Theme 3.8: Crimes against the state .......................................................................... 31
High treason: ................................................................................................................................. 32
Sedition: ......................................................................................................................................... 32
Public violence: ............................................................................................................................ 33
Study Theme 4: Punishment ......................................................................................................... 34
Study Theme 4.1: Theories of punishment ........................................................................... 34
Study Theme 4.2: Forms of punishment................................................................................ 35
Page 3 of 38
, Study Theme 5: Techniques in criminal trial practice ........................................................ 38
Page 4 of 38
