TEST BANK FOR Advanced Assessment Interpreting
Findings and Formulating Differential Diagnoses 4th
Edition Goolsby Chapters 1 - 22 | Complete
TABLE OF CONTENTS
11 11
Chapter111.11Assessment11and11Clinical11Decision11Making:11An11Overview
Chapter112.11Genomic11Assessment:11Interpreting11Findings11and11Formulating11Differential11Diagnoses11
Chapter113.11Skin
Chapter114.11Head,11Face,11and11Neck
Chapter115.11The11Eye
Chapter116.11Ear,11Nose,11Mouth,11and11Throat
Chapter117.11Cardiac11and11Peripheral11Vascular11Systems
Chapter118.11Respiratory11System
Chapter119.11Breasts
Chapter1110.11Abdomen
Chapter1111.11Genitourinary11System
Chapter1112.11Male11Reproductive11System
Chapter1113.11Female11Reproductive11System
Chapter1114.11Musculoskeletal11System
Chapter1115.11Neurological11System
Chapter1116.11Nonspecific11Complaints
Chapter1117.11Psychiatric11Mental11Health
Chapter1118.11Pediatric11Patients
Chapter1119.11Pregnant11Patients
Chapter1120.11Assessment11of11the11Transgender11or11Gender11Diverse11Adult
Chapter1121.11Older11Patients
Chapter1122.11Persons11With11Disabilities
, Chapter111.11Assessment11and11Clinical11Decision11Making:11An11Overview
Multiple11Choice
Identify11 the11 choice11 that11 best11 completes11the11 statement11 or11 answers11 the11 question.
1. Which11type11of11clinical11decision-making11is11most11reliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which11of11the11following11is11false?11To11obtain11adequate11history,11health-care11providers11must11be:
A. Methodical11and11systematic
B. Attentive11to11the11patient‘s11verbal11and11nonverbal11l
anguage
C. Able11to11accurately11interpret11the11patient‘s11respons
es
D. Adept11at11reading11into11the11patient‘s11statements
3. Essential11parts11of11a11health11history11include11all11of11the11following11 except:
A. Chief11complaint
B. History11of11the11present11illness
C. Current11vital11signs
D. All11of11the11above11are11essential11history11co
mponents
4. Which11of11the11following11is11false?11While11performing11the11physical11examination,11the11examiner11must11be11able11to:
A. Differentiate11between11normal11and11abnormal11findings
B. Recall11knowledge11of11a11range11of11conditions11and11their11associated11signs11a
nd11symptoms
C. Recognize11how11certain11conditions11affect11the11response11to11other11conditions
D. Foresee11 unpredictable11 findings
5. The11following11is11the11least11reliable11source11of11information11for11diagnostic11statistics:
A. Evidence-based11 investigations
B. Primary11reports11of11research
C. Estimation11based11on11a11provider‘s11expe
rience
D. Published11 meta-analyses
6. The11following11can11be11used11to11assist11in11sound11clinical11decision-making:
A. Algorithm11published11in11a11peer-
reviewed11journal11article
B. Clinical11 practice11 guidelines
C. Evidence-based11 research
D. All11of11the11above
7. If11a11diagnostic11study11has11high11sensitivity,11this11indicates11a:
A. High11percentage11of11persons11with11the11given11condition11will11have11an11ab
normal11result
B. Low11percentage11of11persons11with11the11given11condition11will11have11an11a
bnormal11result
C. Low11likelihood11of11normal11result11in11persons11without11a11given11condition
D. None11of11the11above
8. If11a11diagnostic11study11has11high11specificity,11this11indicates11a:
A. Low11percentage11of11healthy11individuals11will11show11a11normal11result
B. High11percentage11of11healthy11individuals11will11show11a11normal11result
C. High11percentage11of11individuals11with11a11disorder11will11show11a11nor
mal11result
D. Low11percentage11of11individuals11with11a11disorder11will11show11an11abn
ormal11result
9. A11likelihood11ratio11above11111indicates11that11a11diagnostic11test11showing11a:
A. Positive11result11is11strongly11associated11with11the11disease
B. Negative11result11is11strongly11associated11with11absence11of11t
he11disease
, C. Positive11result11is11weakly11associated11with11the11disease
D. Negative11result11is11weakly11associated11with11absence11of11the
11disease
10. Which11of11the11following11clinical11reasoning11tools11is11defined11as11evidence-
based11resource11based11on11mathematical11modeling11to11express11the11likelihood11of11a11condition11in11select1
1situations,11settings,11and/or11patients?
, A. Clinical11 practice11 guidelin
e
B. Clinical11 decision11 rule
C. Clinical11algorithm
Chapter111:11Clinical11 reasoning,11 differential11diagnosis,11 evidence-based11practice,11 and11symptom11ana
Answer11Section
MULTIPLE11CHOICE
1. ANSWER: B
Croskerry11(2009)11describes11two11major11types11of11clinical11diagnostic11decision-
making:11intuitive11and11analytical.11Intuitive11decision-11making11(similar11to11Augenblink11decision-
making)11is11based11on11the11experience11and11intuition11of11the11clinician11and11is11less11reliable11and11paired11with11fai
rly11common11errors.11In11contrast,11analytical11decision-
making11is11based11on11careful11consideration11and11has11greater11reliability11with11rare11errors.
PTS:111
2. ANSWER:11D
To11obtain11adequate11history,11providers11must11be11well11organized,11attentive11to11the11patient‘s11verbal11and11nonverb
al11language,11and11able11to11accurately11interpret11the11patient‘s11responses11to11questions.11Rather11than11reading11into11
the11patient‘s11statements,11they11clarify11any11areas11of11uncertainty.
PTS:111
3. ANSWER:11C
Vital11signs11are11part11of11the11physical11examination11portion11of11patient11assessment,11not11part11of11the11health11history.
PTS:111
4. ANSWER:11D
While11performing11the11physical11examination,11the11examiner11must11be11able11to11differentiate11between11normal11and
11abnormal11findings,11recall11knowledge11of11a11range11of11conditions,11including11their11associated11signs11and11symptom
s,11recognize11how11certain11conditions11affect11the11response11to11other11conditions,11and11distinguish11the11relevance11of
11varied11abnormal11findings.
PTS: 1
5. ANSWER: C
Sources11for11diagnostic11statistics11include11textbooks,11primary11reports11of11research,11and11published11meta-
analyses.11Another11source11of11statistics,11the11one11that11has11been11most11widely11used11and11available11for11applicatio
n11to11the11reasoning11process,11is11the11estimation11based11on11a11provider‘s11experience,11although11these11are11rarely11ac
curate.11Over11the11past11decade,11the11availability11of11evidence11on11which11to11base11clinical11reasoning11is11improving,1
1and11there11is11an11increasing11expectation11that11clinical11reasoning11be11based11on11scientific11evidence.11Evidence-
based11statistics11are11also11increasingly11being11used11to11develop11resources11to11facilitate11clinical11decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANSWER: D
To11assist11in11clinical11decision-making,11a11number11of11evidence-
based11resources11have11been11developed11to11assist11the11clinician.11Resources,11such11as11algorithms11and11clinical11p
ractice11guidelines,11assist11in11clinical11reasoning11when11properly11applied.
PTS: 1
7. ANSWER: A
The11sensitivity11of11a11diagnostic11study11is11the11percentage11of11individuals11with11the11target11condition11who11show11an11a
bnormal,11or11positive,11result.11A11high11sensitivity11indicates11that11a11greater11percentage11of11persons11with11the11given11c
ondition11will11have11an11abnormal11result.
PTS: 1
8. ANSWER: B
The11specificity11of11a11diagnostic11study11is11the11percentage11of11normal,11healthy11individuals11who11have11a11normal11re
sult.11The11greater11the11specificity,11the11greater11the11percentage11of11individuals11who11will11have11negative,11or11norm
al,11results11if11they11do11not11have11the11target11condition.
PTS: 1
9. ANSWER: A
Findings and Formulating Differential Diagnoses 4th
Edition Goolsby Chapters 1 - 22 | Complete
TABLE OF CONTENTS
11 11
Chapter111.11Assessment11and11Clinical11Decision11Making:11An11Overview
Chapter112.11Genomic11Assessment:11Interpreting11Findings11and11Formulating11Differential11Diagnoses11
Chapter113.11Skin
Chapter114.11Head,11Face,11and11Neck
Chapter115.11The11Eye
Chapter116.11Ear,11Nose,11Mouth,11and11Throat
Chapter117.11Cardiac11and11Peripheral11Vascular11Systems
Chapter118.11Respiratory11System
Chapter119.11Breasts
Chapter1110.11Abdomen
Chapter1111.11Genitourinary11System
Chapter1112.11Male11Reproductive11System
Chapter1113.11Female11Reproductive11System
Chapter1114.11Musculoskeletal11System
Chapter1115.11Neurological11System
Chapter1116.11Nonspecific11Complaints
Chapter1117.11Psychiatric11Mental11Health
Chapter1118.11Pediatric11Patients
Chapter1119.11Pregnant11Patients
Chapter1120.11Assessment11of11the11Transgender11or11Gender11Diverse11Adult
Chapter1121.11Older11Patients
Chapter1122.11Persons11With11Disabilities
, Chapter111.11Assessment11and11Clinical11Decision11Making:11An11Overview
Multiple11Choice
Identify11 the11 choice11 that11 best11 completes11the11 statement11 or11 answers11 the11 question.
1. Which11type11of11clinical11decision-making11is11most11reliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which11of11the11following11is11false?11To11obtain11adequate11history,11health-care11providers11must11be:
A. Methodical11and11systematic
B. Attentive11to11the11patient‘s11verbal11and11nonverbal11l
anguage
C. Able11to11accurately11interpret11the11patient‘s11respons
es
D. Adept11at11reading11into11the11patient‘s11statements
3. Essential11parts11of11a11health11history11include11all11of11the11following11 except:
A. Chief11complaint
B. History11of11the11present11illness
C. Current11vital11signs
D. All11of11the11above11are11essential11history11co
mponents
4. Which11of11the11following11is11false?11While11performing11the11physical11examination,11the11examiner11must11be11able11to:
A. Differentiate11between11normal11and11abnormal11findings
B. Recall11knowledge11of11a11range11of11conditions11and11their11associated11signs11a
nd11symptoms
C. Recognize11how11certain11conditions11affect11the11response11to11other11conditions
D. Foresee11 unpredictable11 findings
5. The11following11is11the11least11reliable11source11of11information11for11diagnostic11statistics:
A. Evidence-based11 investigations
B. Primary11reports11of11research
C. Estimation11based11on11a11provider‘s11expe
rience
D. Published11 meta-analyses
6. The11following11can11be11used11to11assist11in11sound11clinical11decision-making:
A. Algorithm11published11in11a11peer-
reviewed11journal11article
B. Clinical11 practice11 guidelines
C. Evidence-based11 research
D. All11of11the11above
7. If11a11diagnostic11study11has11high11sensitivity,11this11indicates11a:
A. High11percentage11of11persons11with11the11given11condition11will11have11an11ab
normal11result
B. Low11percentage11of11persons11with11the11given11condition11will11have11an11a
bnormal11result
C. Low11likelihood11of11normal11result11in11persons11without11a11given11condition
D. None11of11the11above
8. If11a11diagnostic11study11has11high11specificity,11this11indicates11a:
A. Low11percentage11of11healthy11individuals11will11show11a11normal11result
B. High11percentage11of11healthy11individuals11will11show11a11normal11result
C. High11percentage11of11individuals11with11a11disorder11will11show11a11nor
mal11result
D. Low11percentage11of11individuals11with11a11disorder11will11show11an11abn
ormal11result
9. A11likelihood11ratio11above11111indicates11that11a11diagnostic11test11showing11a:
A. Positive11result11is11strongly11associated11with11the11disease
B. Negative11result11is11strongly11associated11with11absence11of11t
he11disease
, C. Positive11result11is11weakly11associated11with11the11disease
D. Negative11result11is11weakly11associated11with11absence11of11the
11disease
10. Which11of11the11following11clinical11reasoning11tools11is11defined11as11evidence-
based11resource11based11on11mathematical11modeling11to11express11the11likelihood11of11a11condition11in11select1
1situations,11settings,11and/or11patients?
, A. Clinical11 practice11 guidelin
e
B. Clinical11 decision11 rule
C. Clinical11algorithm
Chapter111:11Clinical11 reasoning,11 differential11diagnosis,11 evidence-based11practice,11 and11symptom11ana
Answer11Section
MULTIPLE11CHOICE
1. ANSWER: B
Croskerry11(2009)11describes11two11major11types11of11clinical11diagnostic11decision-
making:11intuitive11and11analytical.11Intuitive11decision-11making11(similar11to11Augenblink11decision-
making)11is11based11on11the11experience11and11intuition11of11the11clinician11and11is11less11reliable11and11paired11with11fai
rly11common11errors.11In11contrast,11analytical11decision-
making11is11based11on11careful11consideration11and11has11greater11reliability11with11rare11errors.
PTS:111
2. ANSWER:11D
To11obtain11adequate11history,11providers11must11be11well11organized,11attentive11to11the11patient‘s11verbal11and11nonverb
al11language,11and11able11to11accurately11interpret11the11patient‘s11responses11to11questions.11Rather11than11reading11into11
the11patient‘s11statements,11they11clarify11any11areas11of11uncertainty.
PTS:111
3. ANSWER:11C
Vital11signs11are11part11of11the11physical11examination11portion11of11patient11assessment,11not11part11of11the11health11history.
PTS:111
4. ANSWER:11D
While11performing11the11physical11examination,11the11examiner11must11be11able11to11differentiate11between11normal11and
11abnormal11findings,11recall11knowledge11of11a11range11of11conditions,11including11their11associated11signs11and11symptom
s,11recognize11how11certain11conditions11affect11the11response11to11other11conditions,11and11distinguish11the11relevance11of
11varied11abnormal11findings.
PTS: 1
5. ANSWER: C
Sources11for11diagnostic11statistics11include11textbooks,11primary11reports11of11research,11and11published11meta-
analyses.11Another11source11of11statistics,11the11one11that11has11been11most11widely11used11and11available11for11applicatio
n11to11the11reasoning11process,11is11the11estimation11based11on11a11provider‘s11experience,11although11these11are11rarely11ac
curate.11Over11the11past11decade,11the11availability11of11evidence11on11which11to11base11clinical11reasoning11is11improving,1
1and11there11is11an11increasing11expectation11that11clinical11reasoning11be11based11on11scientific11evidence.11Evidence-
based11statistics11are11also11increasingly11being11used11to11develop11resources11to11facilitate11clinical11decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANSWER: D
To11assist11in11clinical11decision-making,11a11number11of11evidence-
based11resources11have11been11developed11to11assist11the11clinician.11Resources,11such11as11algorithms11and11clinical11p
ractice11guidelines,11assist11in11clinical11reasoning11when11properly11applied.
PTS: 1
7. ANSWER: A
The11sensitivity11of11a11diagnostic11study11is11the11percentage11of11individuals11with11the11target11condition11who11show11an11a
bnormal,11or11positive,11result.11A11high11sensitivity11indicates11that11a11greater11percentage11of11persons11with11the11given11c
ondition11will11have11an11abnormal11result.
PTS: 1
8. ANSWER: B
The11specificity11of11a11diagnostic11study11is11the11percentage11of11normal,11healthy11individuals11who11have11a11normal11re
sult.11The11greater11the11specificity,11the11greater11the11percentage11of11individuals11who11will11have11negative,11or11norm
al,11results11if11they11do11not11have11the11target11condition.
PTS: 1
9. ANSWER: A
