PSYCHOLOGY 1000 MIDTERM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Developmental Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The study of age-related changes in behavior and
mental processes from conception onward
Nature and nurture - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅How is our development influenced by the interaction
between our genetic inheritance and experiences?
Continuity and stages - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What parts of development are gradual and continuous
and what parts change abruptly?
Stability and change - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Which of our traits persist and which change through life?
Cognitive Development: Jean Piaget - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Interaction of biology with experience
Development shaped by the errors we make
Schemas change due to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Assimilation
2. Accommodation
Assimilation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Absorbing new information into existing schemas
Accommodation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adjusting old schemas or developing new ones to better fit
with new information
Sensorimotor Stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Explores the world with their senses
Scale Errors - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Children age 18 to 30 months may fail to take the size of an object
into account when trying to perform impossible actions with it. At left, a 21-month-old attempts to slide
down a miniature slide. At right, a 24-month-old opens the door to a miniature car and tries to step
inside (DeLoache et al., 2004).
,Egocentric - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cannot take another person's perspective or point of view
- A child holds up a picture to show her dad, but she holds it so that she can see it and her dad only sees
the back of the paper
Animistic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Believes everything is alive
"The floor tripped me!"
Concrete Operational Stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Children now grasp conservation problems and can
transform mathematical functions
4 + 8 = 12 and 12 - 4 = 8
Cannot reason abstractly or hypothetically
Formal Operational Stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning
Premises
All poodles are dogs.
All dogs are animals.
Conclusion
Therefore, all poodles are animals
Reflecting on Piaget - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Development is a continuous process.
Children express their mental abilities and operations at an earlier age than Piaget thought.
Formal logic is a smaller part of cognition.
, Social Development: Infant Attachment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Emotional tie with another person
Shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver, and showing distress on separation
At about 8 months, soon after object permanence develops, children separated from their caregivers
display stranger anxiety.
Humans don't imprint, but we may have critical periods for normal development
Origins of Attachment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Harlow (1958)
- Monkeys taken away from their mothers
- Given two surrogate mothers
- Wire mother
- Cloth mother
- Randomly assign food to one mother
- Which mother do the monkeys interact with more?
Attachment in Children - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ainsworth's Strange Situation paradigm identified three
types of attachment in children:
- Secure
- Avoidant
- Anxious / Ambivalent
Secure Attachment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Relaxed and attentive caregiving becomes the backbone of
secure attachment
Insecure Attachment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Harlow's studies showed that monkeys experience great
anxiety if their terry-cloth mother is removed.
Developmental Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The study of age-related changes in behavior and
mental processes from conception onward
Nature and nurture - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅How is our development influenced by the interaction
between our genetic inheritance and experiences?
Continuity and stages - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What parts of development are gradual and continuous
and what parts change abruptly?
Stability and change - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Which of our traits persist and which change through life?
Cognitive Development: Jean Piaget - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Interaction of biology with experience
Development shaped by the errors we make
Schemas change due to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Assimilation
2. Accommodation
Assimilation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Absorbing new information into existing schemas
Accommodation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adjusting old schemas or developing new ones to better fit
with new information
Sensorimotor Stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Explores the world with their senses
Scale Errors - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Children age 18 to 30 months may fail to take the size of an object
into account when trying to perform impossible actions with it. At left, a 21-month-old attempts to slide
down a miniature slide. At right, a 24-month-old opens the door to a miniature car and tries to step
inside (DeLoache et al., 2004).
,Egocentric - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cannot take another person's perspective or point of view
- A child holds up a picture to show her dad, but she holds it so that she can see it and her dad only sees
the back of the paper
Animistic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Believes everything is alive
"The floor tripped me!"
Concrete Operational Stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Children now grasp conservation problems and can
transform mathematical functions
4 + 8 = 12 and 12 - 4 = 8
Cannot reason abstractly or hypothetically
Formal Operational Stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning
Premises
All poodles are dogs.
All dogs are animals.
Conclusion
Therefore, all poodles are animals
Reflecting on Piaget - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Development is a continuous process.
Children express their mental abilities and operations at an earlier age than Piaget thought.
Formal logic is a smaller part of cognition.
, Social Development: Infant Attachment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Emotional tie with another person
Shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver, and showing distress on separation
At about 8 months, soon after object permanence develops, children separated from their caregivers
display stranger anxiety.
Humans don't imprint, but we may have critical periods for normal development
Origins of Attachment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Harlow (1958)
- Monkeys taken away from their mothers
- Given two surrogate mothers
- Wire mother
- Cloth mother
- Randomly assign food to one mother
- Which mother do the monkeys interact with more?
Attachment in Children - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ainsworth's Strange Situation paradigm identified three
types of attachment in children:
- Secure
- Avoidant
- Anxious / Ambivalent
Secure Attachment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Relaxed and attentive caregiving becomes the backbone of
secure attachment
Insecure Attachment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Harlow's studies showed that monkeys experience great
anxiety if their terry-cloth mother is removed.
