CISSN Questions 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
Explain how carnosine is synthesized within the body. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a.
carnosine (beta-alanyl histidine) is made in the body from histidine and beta-
alanine via an energy dependent reaction catalyzed by carnosine synthetase
b.Found in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, brain, kidney, and stomach.
c. Available in meats and absorbed in intestine via peptide transporters
d. Antioxidant activity, (hydroxyl and superoxide radical) and oppose
,glycation.
e. Suppress lipid peroxidation and react with protein carbonyl
f. Regulates intracellular calcium and contractility in muscle
g. Primarily, carnosine with pH buffering capacity is widely used in the field of
sports nutrition. Because the dissociation exponent (pKa) of carnosine is 6.83, it is
suggested that carnosine attenuates the reduction in blood pH by a large amount of
H+ originating from the dissociation of lactic acid during strenuous exercise, and
suppresses a loss of force
What is a waxy maize starch and what effect does it have on blood glucose? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔a. A highly branched starch called amylopectin. Water soluble and
absorbed by the gut more quickly than dextrose or maltodextrin, research has not
substantiated this claim.
,b. Has been shown to be absorbed with less insulin, allowing ketogenic affects to
remain, increase both glycogen and FFA substrate utilization.
Based on recent studies, which vitamin shows evidence of positively affecting
muscle function? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Vitamin D
Regarding energy drinks (ED), are the following true or false?
The primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrate
and/or caffeine
The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been
well) established but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in
ED and ES
remains to be determined.
Consuming ED 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness,
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, anaerobic performance, and/or endurance performance. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The
primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrate and/or
caffeine
True
The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been
well) established but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in
ED and ES
remains to be determined.
True
Consuming ED 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness,
anaerobic performance, and/or endurance performance.
True
What is needed for gluconeogenesis in humans? Give examples of gluconeogenic
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
Explain how carnosine is synthesized within the body. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a.
carnosine (beta-alanyl histidine) is made in the body from histidine and beta-
alanine via an energy dependent reaction catalyzed by carnosine synthetase
b.Found in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, brain, kidney, and stomach.
c. Available in meats and absorbed in intestine via peptide transporters
d. Antioxidant activity, (hydroxyl and superoxide radical) and oppose
,glycation.
e. Suppress lipid peroxidation and react with protein carbonyl
f. Regulates intracellular calcium and contractility in muscle
g. Primarily, carnosine with pH buffering capacity is widely used in the field of
sports nutrition. Because the dissociation exponent (pKa) of carnosine is 6.83, it is
suggested that carnosine attenuates the reduction in blood pH by a large amount of
H+ originating from the dissociation of lactic acid during strenuous exercise, and
suppresses a loss of force
What is a waxy maize starch and what effect does it have on blood glucose? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔a. A highly branched starch called amylopectin. Water soluble and
absorbed by the gut more quickly than dextrose or maltodextrin, research has not
substantiated this claim.
,b. Has been shown to be absorbed with less insulin, allowing ketogenic affects to
remain, increase both glycogen and FFA substrate utilization.
Based on recent studies, which vitamin shows evidence of positively affecting
muscle function? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Vitamin D
Regarding energy drinks (ED), are the following true or false?
The primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrate
and/or caffeine
The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been
well) established but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in
ED and ES
remains to be determined.
Consuming ED 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness,
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, anaerobic performance, and/or endurance performance. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The
primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrate and/or
caffeine
True
The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been
well) established but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in
ED and ES
remains to be determined.
True
Consuming ED 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness,
anaerobic performance, and/or endurance performance.
True
What is needed for gluconeogenesis in humans? Give examples of gluconeogenic
