ANSC 3180 Midterm Exam With
Complete Solutions
1) What is a wild animal?
2) What is a domesticated animal?* - answer 1) -undomesticated
-not living under human control
-untamed
2) -direct ancestors have undergone a domestication process
-kept under direct human control
Describe what is meant by domestication* - answer an evolutionary process during
which humans control/supervise:
-the living space
-the care and welfare
-selection of mating partners
-reproduction
as the process continues, the species is genetically altered from its wild ancestral form
1) What is a tame animal?
2) What is a feral animal?* - answer 1) an animal that has been familiarized with humans
so as to be tractable (easy to control/influence)
-can apply to 'wild' or 'domesticated' animals
2) -an animal that lives in the wild state, but whose ancestors had undergone a
domestication process (e.g. feral cats)
What does wildlife mean?* - answer -mammals: monotremes (eg platypus), marsupials
(eg kangaroo), placentals or eutherian mammals (eg primates)
-birds
-that are undomesticated, not living under human control, and untamed
,1) What is food?
2) What's in food?* - answer 1) nutrition, nutrients, non-nutritive components
2) nutrient groups, essential nutrients
Define nutrition* - answer -the process whereby an animal gets and processes portions
of its external environment (food) for the continued functioning of its internal metabolism
-the study of the nutrients in food, that each animal must obtain from its environment,,
and how these nutrients are used to support maintenance, growth, and reproduction
What are the steps in the process of feeding?* - answer -prehension
-ingestion
-digestion
-absorption
-elimination
1) What is prehension?
2) What is ingestion?
3) What is digestion?* - answer 1) grasping/seizing food items
2) intake of food into the body
3) break down of large complex food compounds into smaller, simpler compounds
1) Examples of mechanical digestion?
2) Examples of chemical digestion?
3) Examples of microbial digestion?* - answer 1) mouth (by chewing), stomach
(muscular contractions of the gut), gizzard (in birds)
2) mouth (salivary enzymes), stomach (gastric enzymes, acids), proventriculus and
gizzard (in birds), small intestine
3) rumen (foregut fermenters/ruminant herbivores), caecum (hindgut
fermenters/monogastric herbivores), crop (birds)
1) What is absorption?
,2) What is elimination?* - answer 1) simpler, broken down nutrient molecules entering
the blood or lymph through the GIT
2) removal from the body of undigested and unabsorbed food, and waste products
(feces, urine, or excreta)
1) What is food?
2) What are nutrients?* - answer 1) material taken in by the animal, and which contains
one or more nutrients
2) organic and inorganic chemical compounds in food, required by the animal to support
maintenance, growth, and reproduction
1) What are the nutrient groups?
2) What is the nutrient composition of foods like?* - answer 1) -water
-carbohydrates (sugars) (CHO)
-proteins (amino acids) (CHON [S,P])
-fats/lipids (fatty acids) (CHO [N,P])
-vitamins (CHO [N, S])
-minerals
2) -some contain up to six nutrient groups (e.g. milk)
-some only one group (e.g. salt)
1) What are organic nutrients?
2) What are inorganic nutrients?
3) What are energy-yielding nutrients?
4) Is energy a nutrient?* - answer 1) -contain C in their structures (CC or CH bonds)
-carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins
2) water, minerals
3) carbohydrates, fats, proteins
4) No, it is derived from nutrients
1) What are the different sources of water?
, 2) Examples of free water?
3) Examples of dietary water?
4) What is metabolic water?
5) What is unique about the San Joaquin Kangaroo rat?* - answer 1) free water (drinking
water), dietary water (water in food), and metabolic water
2) lakes, rivers
3) fresh grass, lean animal tissue, air-dried desert seeds
4) produced when nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) are broken down by
oxidation to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water
5) no need to drink water, all water from food
1) What are carbohydrates made up of?
2) What are monosaccharides?
3) What are disaccharides?* - answer 1) simple sugars (monosaccharides) (C,H,O)
2) water soluble sugars
-pentoses (5C): ribose
-hexoses (6C): glucose, fructose, galactose
3) water soluble 'double sugar'
-two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond
-sucrose: glucose and fructose
-lactose: glucose and galactose
1) What are polysaccharides?
2) What are plant-based carbohydrates?
3) What is the main animal-based carbohydrate?* - answer 1) macromolecules, insoluble
in water
-either structure-related or storage related
2) -starch (energy storage...long term storage)
Complete Solutions
1) What is a wild animal?
2) What is a domesticated animal?* - answer 1) -undomesticated
-not living under human control
-untamed
2) -direct ancestors have undergone a domestication process
-kept under direct human control
Describe what is meant by domestication* - answer an evolutionary process during
which humans control/supervise:
-the living space
-the care and welfare
-selection of mating partners
-reproduction
as the process continues, the species is genetically altered from its wild ancestral form
1) What is a tame animal?
2) What is a feral animal?* - answer 1) an animal that has been familiarized with humans
so as to be tractable (easy to control/influence)
-can apply to 'wild' or 'domesticated' animals
2) -an animal that lives in the wild state, but whose ancestors had undergone a
domestication process (e.g. feral cats)
What does wildlife mean?* - answer -mammals: monotremes (eg platypus), marsupials
(eg kangaroo), placentals or eutherian mammals (eg primates)
-birds
-that are undomesticated, not living under human control, and untamed
,1) What is food?
2) What's in food?* - answer 1) nutrition, nutrients, non-nutritive components
2) nutrient groups, essential nutrients
Define nutrition* - answer -the process whereby an animal gets and processes portions
of its external environment (food) for the continued functioning of its internal metabolism
-the study of the nutrients in food, that each animal must obtain from its environment,,
and how these nutrients are used to support maintenance, growth, and reproduction
What are the steps in the process of feeding?* - answer -prehension
-ingestion
-digestion
-absorption
-elimination
1) What is prehension?
2) What is ingestion?
3) What is digestion?* - answer 1) grasping/seizing food items
2) intake of food into the body
3) break down of large complex food compounds into smaller, simpler compounds
1) Examples of mechanical digestion?
2) Examples of chemical digestion?
3) Examples of microbial digestion?* - answer 1) mouth (by chewing), stomach
(muscular contractions of the gut), gizzard (in birds)
2) mouth (salivary enzymes), stomach (gastric enzymes, acids), proventriculus and
gizzard (in birds), small intestine
3) rumen (foregut fermenters/ruminant herbivores), caecum (hindgut
fermenters/monogastric herbivores), crop (birds)
1) What is absorption?
,2) What is elimination?* - answer 1) simpler, broken down nutrient molecules entering
the blood or lymph through the GIT
2) removal from the body of undigested and unabsorbed food, and waste products
(feces, urine, or excreta)
1) What is food?
2) What are nutrients?* - answer 1) material taken in by the animal, and which contains
one or more nutrients
2) organic and inorganic chemical compounds in food, required by the animal to support
maintenance, growth, and reproduction
1) What are the nutrient groups?
2) What is the nutrient composition of foods like?* - answer 1) -water
-carbohydrates (sugars) (CHO)
-proteins (amino acids) (CHON [S,P])
-fats/lipids (fatty acids) (CHO [N,P])
-vitamins (CHO [N, S])
-minerals
2) -some contain up to six nutrient groups (e.g. milk)
-some only one group (e.g. salt)
1) What are organic nutrients?
2) What are inorganic nutrients?
3) What are energy-yielding nutrients?
4) Is energy a nutrient?* - answer 1) -contain C in their structures (CC or CH bonds)
-carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins
2) water, minerals
3) carbohydrates, fats, proteins
4) No, it is derived from nutrients
1) What are the different sources of water?
, 2) Examples of free water?
3) Examples of dietary water?
4) What is metabolic water?
5) What is unique about the San Joaquin Kangaroo rat?* - answer 1) free water (drinking
water), dietary water (water in food), and metabolic water
2) lakes, rivers
3) fresh grass, lean animal tissue, air-dried desert seeds
4) produced when nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) are broken down by
oxidation to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water
5) no need to drink water, all water from food
1) What are carbohydrates made up of?
2) What are monosaccharides?
3) What are disaccharides?* - answer 1) simple sugars (monosaccharides) (C,H,O)
2) water soluble sugars
-pentoses (5C): ribose
-hexoses (6C): glucose, fructose, galactose
3) water soluble 'double sugar'
-two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond
-sucrose: glucose and fructose
-lactose: glucose and galactose
1) What are polysaccharides?
2) What are plant-based carbohydrates?
3) What is the main animal-based carbohydrate?* - answer 1) macromolecules, insoluble
in water
-either structure-related or storage related
2) -starch (energy storage...long term storage)
