NSG 555 Quiz 2 module 5 CV part 2 HF,
murmurs, endo/myocarditis, lipids,
metabolic syndrome Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
HF definition - --CORRECT ANSWER--clinical syndrome defined by: any
structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood
Stages of heart failure - --CORRECT ANSWER--stage A- cardiac structure
abnormalities but no symptoms. goal: reduce risk
stage B-increased filling pressures, persistently elevated troponin without dx or
increased BNP
stage C-Structural heart disease with current or previous symptoms of HF.
stage D- Marked HF symptoms that interfere with daily life and with recurrent
hospitalizations despite attempts to optimize GDMT.
most common causes of HF - --CORRECT ANSWER--ischemic heart disease and
myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension, and valvular heart disease (VHD
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,approach to HF - --CORRECT ANSWER--clinicians should seek the cause of HF
because appropriate treatment may be determined by the cause
assessing clinical s/s of congestion in HF - --CORRECT ANSWER--presence of
jugular venous distention, orthopnea, bendopnea, a square-wave response to the
Valsalva maneuver, and leg edema
lab studies for heart failure - --CORRECT ANSWER--complete blood count,
urinalysis, serum electrolytes (including sodium, potassium, calcium, and
magnesium), blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, glucose, fasting lipid profile,
liver function tests, iron studies (serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation), and
thyroid-stimulating hormone level and electrocardiography
imaging recommendations for HF - --CORRECT ANSWER--comprehensive TTE
is the most useful initial diagnostic test given the vast amount of diagnostic and
prognostic information provided. The determination of LVEF is a fundamental
step to classify HF and to guide evidence-based pharmacological and device-based
therapy
exercise tolerance testing in HF - --CORRECT ANSWER--CPET and the 6-
minute walk test are standardized, reliable, and reproducible tests to quantify
functional capacity.19-22 The NYHA functional classification can be used to grade
the severity of functional limitation based on patient report of symptoms
experienced with activity1 and is used to define candidates for certain treatments.
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
, Stage A heart failure management - --CORRECT ANSWER--patients who are at
high risk for developing heart failure but have no structural abnormalities
BP <130/80
diet
exercise
weight loss
stop smoking
If diabetics SGLT2 (flozin) or GLP-1 (tide)
Stage B heart failure management - --CORRECT ANSWER--pre-HF (increased
filling pressures, persistently elevated troponin without dx or increased BNP)
Start ACEI or ARB if LVEF <40
BB if LVEF <40 and hx CAD or MI (some also say just start these anyway)
ICD if LVEF <30
Statin if indicated
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
murmurs, endo/myocarditis, lipids,
metabolic syndrome Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
HF definition - --CORRECT ANSWER--clinical syndrome defined by: any
structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood
Stages of heart failure - --CORRECT ANSWER--stage A- cardiac structure
abnormalities but no symptoms. goal: reduce risk
stage B-increased filling pressures, persistently elevated troponin without dx or
increased BNP
stage C-Structural heart disease with current or previous symptoms of HF.
stage D- Marked HF symptoms that interfere with daily life and with recurrent
hospitalizations despite attempts to optimize GDMT.
most common causes of HF - --CORRECT ANSWER--ischemic heart disease and
myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension, and valvular heart disease (VHD
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,approach to HF - --CORRECT ANSWER--clinicians should seek the cause of HF
because appropriate treatment may be determined by the cause
assessing clinical s/s of congestion in HF - --CORRECT ANSWER--presence of
jugular venous distention, orthopnea, bendopnea, a square-wave response to the
Valsalva maneuver, and leg edema
lab studies for heart failure - --CORRECT ANSWER--complete blood count,
urinalysis, serum electrolytes (including sodium, potassium, calcium, and
magnesium), blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, glucose, fasting lipid profile,
liver function tests, iron studies (serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation), and
thyroid-stimulating hormone level and electrocardiography
imaging recommendations for HF - --CORRECT ANSWER--comprehensive TTE
is the most useful initial diagnostic test given the vast amount of diagnostic and
prognostic information provided. The determination of LVEF is a fundamental
step to classify HF and to guide evidence-based pharmacological and device-based
therapy
exercise tolerance testing in HF - --CORRECT ANSWER--CPET and the 6-
minute walk test are standardized, reliable, and reproducible tests to quantify
functional capacity.19-22 The NYHA functional classification can be used to grade
the severity of functional limitation based on patient report of symptoms
experienced with activity1 and is used to define candidates for certain treatments.
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
, Stage A heart failure management - --CORRECT ANSWER--patients who are at
high risk for developing heart failure but have no structural abnormalities
BP <130/80
diet
exercise
weight loss
stop smoking
If diabetics SGLT2 (flozin) or GLP-1 (tide)
Stage B heart failure management - --CORRECT ANSWER--pre-HF (increased
filling pressures, persistently elevated troponin without dx or increased BNP)
Start ACEI or ARB if LVEF <40
BB if LVEF <40 and hx CAD or MI (some also say just start these anyway)
ICD if LVEF <30
Statin if indicated
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
