PNC Exam 4 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is a circadian rhythm? - CORRECT ANSWER - diurnal; regular bodily rhythms that
occur on a 24-hour cycle
What factors may affect a person's circadian rhythm? - CORRECT ANSWER - Light,
temperature, social activities, and work routines
How is sleep regulated? - CORRECT ANSWER - By the central nervous system.
What is the major sleep center in the body? What hormone does it secrete? - CORRECT
ANSWER - hypothalamus. Hypocretins (orexins) which promote wakefulness and REM
sleep
What are the two processes that help to regualte sleep/wake cycles? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Homeostatic process (Process S)
Carcadian rhythms (Process C)
What is defined by the intersection of Process S and Process C? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Time of wake-up
What are the two sleep phases? - CORRECT ANSWER - nonrapid eye movement
(NREM) sleep
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
How are the 3 stages of NREM sleep defined? What happens at the end of NREM? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Stages 1-2 are lighter sleep when a person is easily arousable
Stage 3 involves deeper sleep called slow wave sleep
REM sleep follows stage 3
, How long does an entire sleep cycle last for? - CORRECT ANSWER - 90-110 min
What are 3 functions of sleep? - CORRECT ANSWER - Restoration, memory
consolidation, preparation for the next period of wakefulness
What is nocturia? - CORRECT ANSWER - frequent urination at night
Vitamin D deficiency has been seen with what sleep related syndrome? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Restless Leg Syndrome
What is hypersomnolence? - CORRECT ANSWER - excessive daytime sleepiness
What does a polysomnogram do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Uses EEG, EMG, and EOG to
monitor stages of sleep and wakefulness during nighttime sleep
What does "sleep hygiene" refer to? - CORRECT ANSWER - Practices that one associates
w/ sleep
Is obstructive or central sleep apnea more common? - CORRECT ANSWER - obstructive
What is OSA? How does it happen? - CORRECT ANSWER - obstructive sleep apnea.
Happens when the muscles relax during sleep causing obstruction in the airway; lasting up to 1-2
minutes forcing the person awake.
What is CSA? How does it happen? - CORRECT ANSWER - Central sleep apnea.
Dysfunction in the respiratory control center of the brain causing a failure or the impulse to
breathe
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is a circadian rhythm? - CORRECT ANSWER - diurnal; regular bodily rhythms that
occur on a 24-hour cycle
What factors may affect a person's circadian rhythm? - CORRECT ANSWER - Light,
temperature, social activities, and work routines
How is sleep regulated? - CORRECT ANSWER - By the central nervous system.
What is the major sleep center in the body? What hormone does it secrete? - CORRECT
ANSWER - hypothalamus. Hypocretins (orexins) which promote wakefulness and REM
sleep
What are the two processes that help to regualte sleep/wake cycles? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Homeostatic process (Process S)
Carcadian rhythms (Process C)
What is defined by the intersection of Process S and Process C? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Time of wake-up
What are the two sleep phases? - CORRECT ANSWER - nonrapid eye movement
(NREM) sleep
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
How are the 3 stages of NREM sleep defined? What happens at the end of NREM? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Stages 1-2 are lighter sleep when a person is easily arousable
Stage 3 involves deeper sleep called slow wave sleep
REM sleep follows stage 3
, How long does an entire sleep cycle last for? - CORRECT ANSWER - 90-110 min
What are 3 functions of sleep? - CORRECT ANSWER - Restoration, memory
consolidation, preparation for the next period of wakefulness
What is nocturia? - CORRECT ANSWER - frequent urination at night
Vitamin D deficiency has been seen with what sleep related syndrome? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Restless Leg Syndrome
What is hypersomnolence? - CORRECT ANSWER - excessive daytime sleepiness
What does a polysomnogram do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Uses EEG, EMG, and EOG to
monitor stages of sleep and wakefulness during nighttime sleep
What does "sleep hygiene" refer to? - CORRECT ANSWER - Practices that one associates
w/ sleep
Is obstructive or central sleep apnea more common? - CORRECT ANSWER - obstructive
What is OSA? How does it happen? - CORRECT ANSWER - obstructive sleep apnea.
Happens when the muscles relax during sleep causing obstruction in the airway; lasting up to 1-2
minutes forcing the person awake.
What is CSA? How does it happen? - CORRECT ANSWER - Central sleep apnea.
Dysfunction in the respiratory control center of the brain causing a failure or the impulse to
breathe
