Basic Human Nutrition Final (hlth 230)
Why people choose foods - correct answers Habit, Ethnic heritage or tradition, Social
Interactions, Availability, Convenience and Economy, Positive and negative associations,
Emotions, Values, Bodyweight and image, Nutrition and health benefits
Functional foods - correct answers foods that contain physiologically active compounds that
provide health benefits beyond their nutrient contributions
ex. tomatoes
Phytochemicals - correct answers non nutrient compounds found in plant-derived foods that
have biological activity in the body
ex. fortified foods
Nutriton - correct answers the study of nutrients and other biologically active compounds in
foods and in the body; sometimes also the study of human behaviours related to food
Diet - correct answers the foods (including beverages) a person eats and drinks
6 classes of nutrients - correct answers carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
Malnutrition - correct answers any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or
nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients
Undernutrition - correct answers nutrient or energy deficiencies
Overnutrition - correct answers nutrient or energy excess
Chronic diseases - correct answers long duration, degeneration diseases characterized by
deterioration of the body organs
Leading causes of death in Canada - correct answers 1. cancer
2. heart disease
3. cerebrovascular disease which are influenced by diet and nutrition
Examples of chronic diseases - correct answers heart disease, diabetes, cancer, dental disease,
stroke, adult bone loss
Nutritional genomics - correct answers the science of how nutrients affect the activities of
genes and how genes affect the interactions between diet and disease
Other names for nutritional genomics - correct answers molecular nutrition or nutrigenomics
Energy - correct answers the capacity to do work
,1000 calories equals - correct answers 1 kilocalorie
1 kilocalorie - correct answers the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of
water by 1 degree celsius
Macronutrients - correct answers required in large amounts per day
Micronutrients - correct answers required in small amounts per day
Essential Nutrients - correct answers nutrients that a person must obtain from food (cannot be
made by body)
Inorganic Nutrients - correct answers nutrients that contain no carbon
Organic Nutrients - correct answers nutrients that contain carbon
Energy yielding nutrients - correct answers nutrients that can be broken down to provide
energy to the body
Types of macronutrients - correct answers carbs, protein, lipids, water
Types of micronutrients - correct answers vitamins and minerals
Inorganic nutrients - correct answers minerals and water
Organic nutrients - correct answers carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins
Non-energy yielding nutrients - correct answers vitamins, minerals, water
Energy yielding nutrients - correct answers carbs, proteins, lipids
Energy in carbs - correct answers 4 cal/g
Energy in fat - correct answers 9cal/g
Energy in protein - correct answers 4cal/g
% of calories from carbs - correct answers 45-65%
% of calories from fat - correct answers 20-35%
% of calories from protein - correct answers 10-35%
Essential nutrient - correct answers a nutrient that a person cannot make in adequate amounts
to sustain life
Non-essential nutrients - correct answers does not need to be derived from food bc body can
make
enriched foods and fortified foods - correct answers foods that have had nutrients added to
them (ex. White bread)
,functional foods - correct answers appear similar to conventional foods, consumes as part of
the usual diet, with demonstrated physiological benefits or with the ability to reduce chronic
disease risks beyond basic nutrient functions (ex. Oatmeal)
natural foods - correct answers no definition, used in advertisements
super foods - correct answers no definition, used in fake advertisements
processed foods - correct answers foods subject to any milling, alteration in texture, additives,
cooking or others
nutraceutical - correct answers describes a product that has been isolated from food often sold
in pill form (ex. Cod liver oil)
basic foods - correct answers vegetables, fruit, milk, meat and grains
Healthy diets include - correct answers adequacy, balance, calorie control, moderation, variety
adequacy - correct answers providing the nutrients, fibre and energy in sufficient amounts to
maintain health
balance - correct answers providing foods of a number of different types in proportion to each
other (ex. Milks and alternatives)
calorie control - correct answers energy with food coming in should balance with the body's
energy requirements
moderation - correct answers nothing in excess, providing dietary restrictions while enjoying
some foods on occasion
variety - correct answers providing a wide selection of foods
Excuses for not eating well - correct answers no time, crave fast food, too little money, like to
eat large portions, take vitamins instead, love sweets
Factors that drive food choices - correct answers -convenience
-advertising
-availability
-economy
-emotional comfort
-habit
-personal preference and genetics
-positive associations
, -region of the country
-social pressure
-values or beliefs
-weight
-nutritional value
EAR - correct answers Estimated Average Requirement
RDA - correct answers recommended dietary allowance
AI - correct answers Adequate Intake
UL - correct answers Tolerable Upper Intake Level
Estimated average requirements definition - correct answers The average daily amount of a
nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the healthy
people of a given age and gender group
Recommended dietary allowances definition - correct answers The average daily amount of a
nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy
people; a goal for dietary intake by individuals.
Adequate intake definition - correct answers the average daily amount of a nutrient that
appears sufficient to maintain a specified criterion; a value used as a guide for nutrient intake
when an RDA cannot be determined.
Tolerable upper intake levels definition - correct answers the maximum daily amount of a
nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk
of adverse health effects.
Food guide recommendations about food choices - correct answers -healthy food choices
-healthy eating habits
Healthy food choices - correct answers Make it a habit to eat a variety of healthy foods each
day
Healthy food choices components - correct answers - Eat plenty of vegetables and fruits, whole
grain foods and protein foods. - Choose protein foods that come from plants more often.
- Limit highly processed foods.
- Water drink of choice
- Use food labels
Why people choose foods - correct answers Habit, Ethnic heritage or tradition, Social
Interactions, Availability, Convenience and Economy, Positive and negative associations,
Emotions, Values, Bodyweight and image, Nutrition and health benefits
Functional foods - correct answers foods that contain physiologically active compounds that
provide health benefits beyond their nutrient contributions
ex. tomatoes
Phytochemicals - correct answers non nutrient compounds found in plant-derived foods that
have biological activity in the body
ex. fortified foods
Nutriton - correct answers the study of nutrients and other biologically active compounds in
foods and in the body; sometimes also the study of human behaviours related to food
Diet - correct answers the foods (including beverages) a person eats and drinks
6 classes of nutrients - correct answers carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
Malnutrition - correct answers any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or
nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients
Undernutrition - correct answers nutrient or energy deficiencies
Overnutrition - correct answers nutrient or energy excess
Chronic diseases - correct answers long duration, degeneration diseases characterized by
deterioration of the body organs
Leading causes of death in Canada - correct answers 1. cancer
2. heart disease
3. cerebrovascular disease which are influenced by diet and nutrition
Examples of chronic diseases - correct answers heart disease, diabetes, cancer, dental disease,
stroke, adult bone loss
Nutritional genomics - correct answers the science of how nutrients affect the activities of
genes and how genes affect the interactions between diet and disease
Other names for nutritional genomics - correct answers molecular nutrition or nutrigenomics
Energy - correct answers the capacity to do work
,1000 calories equals - correct answers 1 kilocalorie
1 kilocalorie - correct answers the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of
water by 1 degree celsius
Macronutrients - correct answers required in large amounts per day
Micronutrients - correct answers required in small amounts per day
Essential Nutrients - correct answers nutrients that a person must obtain from food (cannot be
made by body)
Inorganic Nutrients - correct answers nutrients that contain no carbon
Organic Nutrients - correct answers nutrients that contain carbon
Energy yielding nutrients - correct answers nutrients that can be broken down to provide
energy to the body
Types of macronutrients - correct answers carbs, protein, lipids, water
Types of micronutrients - correct answers vitamins and minerals
Inorganic nutrients - correct answers minerals and water
Organic nutrients - correct answers carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins
Non-energy yielding nutrients - correct answers vitamins, minerals, water
Energy yielding nutrients - correct answers carbs, proteins, lipids
Energy in carbs - correct answers 4 cal/g
Energy in fat - correct answers 9cal/g
Energy in protein - correct answers 4cal/g
% of calories from carbs - correct answers 45-65%
% of calories from fat - correct answers 20-35%
% of calories from protein - correct answers 10-35%
Essential nutrient - correct answers a nutrient that a person cannot make in adequate amounts
to sustain life
Non-essential nutrients - correct answers does not need to be derived from food bc body can
make
enriched foods and fortified foods - correct answers foods that have had nutrients added to
them (ex. White bread)
,functional foods - correct answers appear similar to conventional foods, consumes as part of
the usual diet, with demonstrated physiological benefits or with the ability to reduce chronic
disease risks beyond basic nutrient functions (ex. Oatmeal)
natural foods - correct answers no definition, used in advertisements
super foods - correct answers no definition, used in fake advertisements
processed foods - correct answers foods subject to any milling, alteration in texture, additives,
cooking or others
nutraceutical - correct answers describes a product that has been isolated from food often sold
in pill form (ex. Cod liver oil)
basic foods - correct answers vegetables, fruit, milk, meat and grains
Healthy diets include - correct answers adequacy, balance, calorie control, moderation, variety
adequacy - correct answers providing the nutrients, fibre and energy in sufficient amounts to
maintain health
balance - correct answers providing foods of a number of different types in proportion to each
other (ex. Milks and alternatives)
calorie control - correct answers energy with food coming in should balance with the body's
energy requirements
moderation - correct answers nothing in excess, providing dietary restrictions while enjoying
some foods on occasion
variety - correct answers providing a wide selection of foods
Excuses for not eating well - correct answers no time, crave fast food, too little money, like to
eat large portions, take vitamins instead, love sweets
Factors that drive food choices - correct answers -convenience
-advertising
-availability
-economy
-emotional comfort
-habit
-personal preference and genetics
-positive associations
, -region of the country
-social pressure
-values or beliefs
-weight
-nutritional value
EAR - correct answers Estimated Average Requirement
RDA - correct answers recommended dietary allowance
AI - correct answers Adequate Intake
UL - correct answers Tolerable Upper Intake Level
Estimated average requirements definition - correct answers The average daily amount of a
nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the healthy
people of a given age and gender group
Recommended dietary allowances definition - correct answers The average daily amount of a
nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy
people; a goal for dietary intake by individuals.
Adequate intake definition - correct answers the average daily amount of a nutrient that
appears sufficient to maintain a specified criterion; a value used as a guide for nutrient intake
when an RDA cannot be determined.
Tolerable upper intake levels definition - correct answers the maximum daily amount of a
nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk
of adverse health effects.
Food guide recommendations about food choices - correct answers -healthy food choices
-healthy eating habits
Healthy food choices - correct answers Make it a habit to eat a variety of healthy foods each
day
Healthy food choices components - correct answers - Eat plenty of vegetables and fruits, whole
grain foods and protein foods. - Choose protein foods that come from plants more often.
- Limit highly processed foods.
- Water drink of choice
- Use food labels
