EVOLUTIONARY BENEFITS AND
LIFE CYCLES IN BIOLOGY STUDY
GUIDE WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025 ( ALREADY GRADED
A+ ) – JUST RELEASED | SURE TO
PASS!!
1. Why is sex considered costly in evolution? - ANSWER
✓ It requires time, energy, increases disease risk, and
creates vulnerability.
2. What is Runaway Selection (Fisher)? - ANSWER ✓ A
process where traits evolve due to mate preferences
rather than survival benefits.
3. What are the evolutionary benefits of sex? - ANSWER
✓ Removes harmful mutations (Muller's Ratchet);
Increases genetic diversity; Accelerates evolution
(Fisher-Muller Hypothesis)
,4. What is sexual selection? - ANSWER ✓ Evolution
based on mating success.
5. What is sexual dimorphism? - ANSWER ✓ Differences
between sexes in traits and behavior, driven by mating
strategies and parental investment.
6. What is the Fundamental Asymmetry of Sex? -
ANSWER ✓ Females invest more (eggs, pregnancy,
lactation) → choosier; Males invest less → compete
more; Due to anisogamy (large egg vs. small sperm),
males outnumber females in mating pool → high male
competition.
7. What are r- and K-strategists in life history strategies? -
ANSWER ✓ r-strategists: Many offspring, less
investment (often males); K-strategists: Fewer, high-
quality offspring, more investment (often females);
Strategy depends on biology and environment; not
strict.
,8. What do females look for in long-term mating? -
ANSWER ✓ Resources (status, ambition); Protection
(size, strength); Parenting skills (kindness, stability);
Health (symmetry, masculinity).
9. What do males value in long-term mating? - ANSWER
✓ Youth, beauty, fidelity; Their challenges: finding
fertile partners and avoiding cuckoldry; Increased
choosiness can boost reproductive success.
10. What is sexual conflict in evolutionary terms? -
ANSWER ✓ A clash between male and female
reproductive interests, leading to deception and
different strategies.
11. What is the difference between intersexual and
intrasexual selection? - ANSWER ✓ Intersexual: Mate
choice (e.g., female choosing a flashy male);
Intrasexual: Competition within a sex (e.g., male-male
fighting).
, 12. What is costly signaling theory? - ANSWER ✓ Traits
that are expensive to fake (e.g., peacock feathers) serve
as honest signals of fitness.
13. Role of chromosomes in cell division - ANSWER ✓
Chromosomes ensure DNA is accurately copied and
distributed in cell division. They carry genetic
information essential for cell functions.
14. Main events of the cell cycle - ANSWER ✓ G1
(growth), S (DNA replication), G2 (prep for mitosis), M
(mitosis & cytokinesis).
15. Phases of mitosis - ANSWER ✓ Prophase
(chromosomes condense), Metaphase (line up at
equator), Anaphase (sister chromatids separate),
Telophase (nuclear membranes form).
16. Daughter cells split apart - ANSWER ✓ Cytokinesis
divides the cytoplasm. In animals, the membrane
pinches; in plants, a cell plate forms.
LIFE CYCLES IN BIOLOGY STUDY
GUIDE WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025 ( ALREADY GRADED
A+ ) – JUST RELEASED | SURE TO
PASS!!
1. Why is sex considered costly in evolution? - ANSWER
✓ It requires time, energy, increases disease risk, and
creates vulnerability.
2. What is Runaway Selection (Fisher)? - ANSWER ✓ A
process where traits evolve due to mate preferences
rather than survival benefits.
3. What are the evolutionary benefits of sex? - ANSWER
✓ Removes harmful mutations (Muller's Ratchet);
Increases genetic diversity; Accelerates evolution
(Fisher-Muller Hypothesis)
,4. What is sexual selection? - ANSWER ✓ Evolution
based on mating success.
5. What is sexual dimorphism? - ANSWER ✓ Differences
between sexes in traits and behavior, driven by mating
strategies and parental investment.
6. What is the Fundamental Asymmetry of Sex? -
ANSWER ✓ Females invest more (eggs, pregnancy,
lactation) → choosier; Males invest less → compete
more; Due to anisogamy (large egg vs. small sperm),
males outnumber females in mating pool → high male
competition.
7. What are r- and K-strategists in life history strategies? -
ANSWER ✓ r-strategists: Many offspring, less
investment (often males); K-strategists: Fewer, high-
quality offspring, more investment (often females);
Strategy depends on biology and environment; not
strict.
,8. What do females look for in long-term mating? -
ANSWER ✓ Resources (status, ambition); Protection
(size, strength); Parenting skills (kindness, stability);
Health (symmetry, masculinity).
9. What do males value in long-term mating? - ANSWER
✓ Youth, beauty, fidelity; Their challenges: finding
fertile partners and avoiding cuckoldry; Increased
choosiness can boost reproductive success.
10. What is sexual conflict in evolutionary terms? -
ANSWER ✓ A clash between male and female
reproductive interests, leading to deception and
different strategies.
11. What is the difference between intersexual and
intrasexual selection? - ANSWER ✓ Intersexual: Mate
choice (e.g., female choosing a flashy male);
Intrasexual: Competition within a sex (e.g., male-male
fighting).
, 12. What is costly signaling theory? - ANSWER ✓ Traits
that are expensive to fake (e.g., peacock feathers) serve
as honest signals of fitness.
13. Role of chromosomes in cell division - ANSWER ✓
Chromosomes ensure DNA is accurately copied and
distributed in cell division. They carry genetic
information essential for cell functions.
14. Main events of the cell cycle - ANSWER ✓ G1
(growth), S (DNA replication), G2 (prep for mitosis), M
(mitosis & cytokinesis).
15. Phases of mitosis - ANSWER ✓ Prophase
(chromosomes condense), Metaphase (line up at
equator), Anaphase (sister chromatids separate),
Telophase (nuclear membranes form).
16. Daughter cells split apart - ANSWER ✓ Cytokinesis
divides the cytoplasm. In animals, the membrane
pinches; in plants, a cell plate forms.
