ATI Fundamentals Exam Questions Rated A 2025

1. What can a clean patient environment contribute? A. Reduction in environmental contamination including removal of pathogens B. Prevention of healthcare-associated infection C. A & B D. None of the above Answer: B Rationale: A clean patient environment contribute prevention of healthcare-associated infection. 2. A nurse is knowledgeable that a patient under her care in the isolation room will be discharged during her shift. What type of cleaning will be performed? A. Regular cleaning B. Intensive Cleaning C. Routine Cleaning D. Terminal Cleaning Answer: D Rationale: Terminal cleaning is performed when a patient with a transmissible illness is discharged usually for isolation rooms 3. This type of cleaning includes mopping of floors and damp dusting of surfaces with detergent. A. Regular cleaning B. Intensive cleaning C. Routine cleaning D. Terminal cleaning Answer: C Rationale: Routine cleaning is the standard, everyday procedure for cleaning of clinical areas, including mopping of floors, damp dusting of surfaces with detergent, etc. 4. This is a method of dusting is employed in the care of hospital furnishings which are not upholstered. And for the removal of dust from all surfaces above the floor A. Dump dusting B. Damp dusting C. Low dusting D. High dusting Answer: B Rationale: Damp dusting is employed in the care of hospital furnishings which are not upholstered. And for the removal of dust from all surfaces above the floor 5. This refers to dusting those areas over windows, pipes, wall and ceiling. A. Dump dusting B. Damp dusting C. Low dusting D. High dusting Answer: D Rationale: to all places easily reached by standing on the floor; done daily 6. This type of dusting is done to all places easily reached by standing on the floor; done daily. A. Dump dusting B. Damp dusting C. Low dusting D. High dusting Answer: C Rationale: High Dusting refers to those areas over windows, pipes, wall and ceiling. Low dusting is done to all places easily reached by standing on the floor; done daily 7. Why is it necessary for someone to wear appropriate PPEs even when cleaning? A. PPEs are not necessary for cleaning as long as you are healthy. B. To protect if there are any spills of blood/body fluids. C. To prevent from being infected if the patient is on transmission-based precautions D. B & C Answer: D Rationale: PPEs are needed when cleaning if there are any spills of blood/body fluids or if the patient is on transmission-based precautions 8. As you clean a patient’s bed side table, what rationale would you keep in mind as you perform the cleaner-to-dirtier method? A. Minimize spread of microorganism B. To save time C. To save cleaning cloth D. B &C Answer: A Rationale: Proceed from cleaner to dirtier areas to avoid spreading dirt and microorganisms. B. HIGH TO LOW STRATEGY High Dusting refers to those areas over windows, pipes, wall and ceiling. Low dusting is done 9. To prevent microorganism from dripping and contaminating clean areas, what strategy should you observe? A. Dirtier to cleaner strategy B. High to low strategy C. Bottom to top strategy D. Methodical strategy Answer: B Rationale: Proceed from high to low to prevent dirt and microorganism from dipping or falling and contaminating already cleaned areas 10. You observe a colleague cleaning a patient’s room where she jumps from one area to another. What errors could unfortunately happen? A. None, since she is still cleaning the room B. She will easily get tired C. She is spreading the pathogens D. She may miss some areas of the room Answer: D Rationale: Cleaning should be done in a systematic manner to avoid missing areas. Session #. 2 1. It is described as the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. A. Body balance B. Body alignment C. Body posture D. Body Mechanics Answer: D Rationale: Body mechanics is a term that describes as the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. 2. This refers to the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting, and lying. A. Body alignment B. Posture C. A & B D. None of the above Answer: C Rationale: Body alignment and posture is similar and refers to the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting, and lying. 3. These are white, shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue that bind joints, together, connect bones and cartilages, and aid joint flexibility and support. A. Joints B. Ligaments C. Tendons D. Cartilage Answer: B Rationale: Ligaments are white, shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue that bind joints, together, connect bones and cartilages, and aid joint flexibility and support 4. These are nonvascular (without blood vessels) supporting connective tissue located chiefly in the joints and thorax, trachea, larynx, nose, and ear A. Joins B. Ligaments C. Tendons D. Cartilage Answer: D Rationale: Cartilage are nonvascular (without blood vessels) supporting connective tissue located chiefly in the joints and thorax, trachea, larynx, nose, and ear 5. What postural abnormality is described as the lateral S- or C-shaped spinal column with vertebral rotation, unequal heights of hips and shoulder A. Toticollis B. Lordosis C. Kyphosis D. Scoliosis Answer: D Rationale: Scoliosis is characterized by an S- or C-shaped curve in the spine 6. How does the principle of enlarging the base of support increases the stability of the body work? A. In assisting the patient to move, your feet should be close together to be more stable B. In assisting the patient to move, your feet should be apart to be more stable C. In assisting the patient to move, your feet should be widely apart to be more stable D. None of the above Answer: C Rationale: Principle of enlarging the base of support in increases the stability of the body work should be the wider the base of the support and the lower the center of gravity, the greater the stability of the object will be 7. This principle is applied when picking an object up from the floor by bending at the knees and keeping your back straight rather than by bending forward at the waist. A. Enlarging the base of support increases the stability of the body B. Weight is balanced best when the center of gravity is directly above the base of support C. A person or an object is more stable if the center of gravity is close to the base of support D. None of the above. Answer: B Rationale: Weight is balanced best when the center of gravity is directly above the base of support 8. If a nurse is to push a patient’s bed forward, where should he place his foot to observe proper body mechanics? A. Forward B. Spread sideways C. Maintain feet close together D. Opposite the direction of the bed Answer: A Rationale: In forwarding bed of the patient’s, in order to have a proper body mechanics, one is to place the foot in forward 9. Which of the following describes a nurse who does not observe proper body mechanics? A. Picking up an object by bending at the knees and keeping your back straight B. Keeping feet apart when assisting a patient C. Twisting your body from the waist D. Working on a smooth surface to reduce friction Answer: C Rationale: Twisting your body from the waist increases the likelihood of injury 10. By adjusting the level of the bed of a patient as the nurse is at the bedside, what is the rationale? A. Adjust the height of the client’s bed to avoid back strain B. Adjust the height of the client’s bed to avoid patient fall C. Adjust the height of the client’s bed to promote patient comfort D. Adjust the height of the client’s bed to provide privacy Answer: A Rationale: Adjusting the level of the bed of a patient helps prevent back and muscle strain. Session #. 3 1. It is the maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the three planes of the body A. Mobility B. Range of motion C. Gait D. Exercise and activity Answer: B Rationale: Range of motion is the maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the three planes of the body: sagittal, transverse, or frontal. 2. What type of joint is fits this description oval head of one bone fits into a shallow cavity of another bone; flexion-extension and abduction-adduction can occur? A. Ball-and-socket B. Condyloid C. Gliding D. Hinge Answer: B Rationale: Condyloid joint is oval head of one bone fits into a shallow cavity of another bone; flexion- extension and abduction-adduction can occur (e.g., wrist) Active ROM Exercises coordination with joints and connective tissues. Ball & socket (shoulder and hip joints) - flexion–extension abduction, adduction, and rotation Condyloid joint (wrist joint) - flexion–extension and abduction–adduction Gliding joint (carpal bones of wrist and tarsal bones of feet) flexion–extension and abduction–adduction Hinge joint (elbow, knee, ankle joints) only flexion–extension Pivot joint (joints between the atlas and axis and between the proximal ends of the radius and the ulna) - turning a doorknob . Saddle joint (joint between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb) - side to side and back and forth 3. Which of the following does not describe adduction? A. Move leg laterally away from body B. Lower arm sideways and across body as far as possible C. Place hand with palm down and extend wrist medially towards thumb D. Move leg back toward medical position and beyond if possible Answer: A Rationale: 4. What should be assessed when planning patient activities such as walking, ROM exercises or ADLs? A. Exercise B. Activity tolerance C. Activity intolerance D. Disability Answer: B Rationale: Assessment of Activity tolerance is necessary when planning patient activities such as walking, ROM exercises or ADLs 5. If a patient is observed laterally while standing, how should the spinal curves be aligned? A. Aligned straight B. Aligned in a S pattern C. Aligned in a reversed S pattern D. None of the above Answer: C Rationale: When observed laterally, the spinal curves align in a reversed S pattern 6. A characteristic of correct alignment when one sits is observed when A. The body weight is distributed evenly on the buttocks and thighs B. the body weight is distributed the buttocks only C. The body weight is distributed on the thighs only D. None of the above Answer: A Rationale: The body weight is distributed evenly on the buttocks and thighs 7. How should you assess a bedridden patient’s body alignment? A. Prone position B. Lateral Position C. Supine position D. Assist the patient standing to measure accurately Answer: B Rationale: Assess body alignment for a patient who is immobilized or bedridden with the patient in the lateral position Adduction movement is towards the middle of the body 8. Which of the following abnormal findings would be the result if inspection is utilized during assessment? A. Generalized edema B. Increased respiratory rate C. Joint contracture D. Distended bladder or abdomen Answer: B Rationale: Increasing of respiratory rate is the abnormal findings in result to inspection utilized during assessment 9. Which of the following abnormal findings is NOT a part of the musculoskeletal system? A. Decreased range of motion B. Joint Contracture C. Activity intolerance D. Asymmetrical chest wall movement Answer: D Rationale: Asymmetrical chest wall movement is not a part of musculoskeletal system 10. Which abnormal finding is NOT found under the cardiovascular system? A. Peripheral edema B. Generalized edema C. Orthostatic hypotension D. weak peripheral pulses Answer: C Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension Session #. 4 1. This aides in the prevention of external rotation of the hips when a patient is in a supine position A. Trochanter roll B. Trapeze bar C. Sandbag D. A & C Answer: A Rationale: Trochanter roll prevent external rotation of the hips when a patient is in a supine position 2. A patient is to be placed on a Fowler’s position, as his nurse how will you properly position the patient? A. Position the head of the bed nearly vertical, and the patient’s knees are slightly elevated without pressure to restrict circulation in the lower legs. B. Position the head of the bed is elevated 45 to 60 degrees, and the patient’s knees are slightly elevated without pressure to restrict circulation I the lower legs. C. Position the head of the bed is elevated 15 to 30 degrees, and the patient’s knees are slightly elevated without pressure to restrict circulation in the lower legs. D. Position the head of the bed is flat, and the patient’s knees are slightly elevated without pressure to restrict circulation in the lower legs Answer: B Rationale: In the supported Fowler’s Position, the head of the bed is elevated 45 to 60 degrees, and the patient’s knees are slightly elevated without pressure to restrict circulation I the lower legs. 3. Supporting the hand so that it’s slightly elevated in relation to the elbow when in a Fowler’s Position, prevents which complications? A. Numbness of the hand B. Flexion contractures of the dingers and abduction of the thumbs C. Edema to the hand D. flexion contracture of the wrist Answer: C Rationale: Edema to the hand’s preventative action is supporting the hand so that it’s slightly elevated in relation to the elbow 4. In this position, the relationship of body parts is essentially the same as in good standing alignment, except that the body is in the horizontal plane. A. Fowler’s position B. Semi-Fowler’s position C. High-Fowler’s position D. Supine position Answer: D Rationale: In the supine position the relationship of body parts is essentially the same as in good standing alignment, except that the body is in the horizontal plane 5. To prevent footdrop, what position should the patient’s feet maintain? A. Straight position B. Extended position C. Dorsal flexion D. Carpal flexion Answer: C Rationale: Support the feet in dorsal flexion. Use foot board; High-top sneakers can also be used 6. Assisting a patient to move up using a drawsheet, your colleague placed the patient in a supine position. You know that this is correct for which reason A. The body weight is distributed evenly on the buttocks and thighs B. Even distribution of patient’s weight makes lifting and positioning easier C. Because the patient cannot move D. None of the above Answer: B Rationale: Supine position is one of the safest positions for stability on the surgical table. It makes lifting easier 7. Positioning the patient in Fowler’s position you placed a small pillow at the patient lower back, for what main reason? A. It’s the patient’s request B. To provide support to the lumbar vertebrae C. To decrease flexion of vertebrae D. B & C Answer: D Rationale: Pillow at lower back of the patient during Fowler’s position helps to provide support to the lumbar vertebrae and decrease flexion of vertebrae 8. You have noticed that a hemiplegic patient is placed in a sitting position but is already slumping towards the affected side. Which of the following will the patient be NOT be at risk for? A. Generalized edema B. Aspiration of food, liquids & gastric secretion C. Increased intracranial pressure D. Impaired ventilation & cardiac output Answer: B Rationale: Aspiration of food, liquids & gastric secretion is not be at risk for the patient hemiplegic 9. Placing trochanter rolls & sandbags help prevent which complication A. Internal rotation of leg B. Internal rotation of hip C. External rotation of leg D. External rotation of hip Answer: D Rationale: Trochanter rolls & sandbags help prevent external rotation of hip 10. Your senior nurse instructed you to place a folded towel under a hemiplegic patient’s affected hip, for what reason you will follow your senior nurse’s instruction? A. Extensor spasticity is most severe when patient is supine B. Slight flexion breaks up abnormal extension pattern of leg C. Diminishes effect of spasticity in entire leg by controlling hip position D. Because she knows better. Answer: C Rationale: Placing folded towel under a hemiplegic patient’s affected hip diminishes the effect of spasticity in entire leg by controlling hip position Session #. 5 1. In this position the patient rests on the side with the major portion of bodyweight on the dependent hip and shoulder. A. Fowler’s Position B. Prone position C. Side-Lying position D. Sim’s position Answer: C Rationale: In the Side-lying (or lateral) position the patient rests on the side with the major portion of bodyweight on the dependent hip and shoulder 2. In this position the patient lies face or chest down. A. Fowler’s Position B. Prone position C. Side-Lying position D. Sim’s position Answer: B Rationale: The patient in prone position lies face or chest down 3. How does Sim’s position differentiate from lateral position? A. The patient places the weight on the anterior ileum, humerus, and clavicle B. The face is turned to the side with a pillow under the head C. The face is not turned to the patient’s side D. Sim’s position is also the same with side-Lying position. Answer: A Patient: The differences of Sim’s and Lateral position is the patient places the weight on the anterior ileum, humerus, and clavicle 4. What is the goal for logrolling a patient? A. To keep the body in straight alignment when turning the patient B. Not to twist the patient’s head, spine, shoulders, knees, or hips C. Repositioning 2 hours to avoid pressure ulcers D. All of the above Answer: D Rationale: 5. How will you prevent footdrop for a patient in prone position? A. Move the patient down in bed so that the feet are over the mattress B. Support the feet with a pillow just high enough to keep the toes from touching the bed C. A & B D. None of the above Answer: C Rationale: Preventative actions for footdrop for a patent in prone position was both moving the patient down in bed so that the feet are over the mattress and Support the feet with a pillow just high enough to keep the toes from touching the bed 6. For what reason should you place a patient’s arms flexed at shoulder level when in prone position A. Maintain proper body alignment B. Support reduces risk of joint dislocation C. Because the patient cannot move D. A & B Answer: D Rationale: Reasons why should you place a patient’s arms flexed at shoulder level when in prone position is to maintain proper body alignment and support reduces risk of joint dislocation 7. Ensuring the both shoulders are aligned with the hips when assuming a lateral position prevents which complication? A. Twisting of the spine B. Lateral flexion of the neck C. Internal shoulder rotation and adduction D. Internal rotation and adduction of the hip; lumbar lordosis Answer: A Rationale: Preventative actions for twist of the spine is ensuring the two shoulders are aligned with the two hips 8. A colleague of yours paced a pillow under semi-flexed upper leg level at hip from groin to foot