LCHI Glossary Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) - AnswersA law, often called the economic
stimulus package, enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed by President Obama on
February 17, 2009, intended to improve the economy and create jobs. It includes measures to improve
use of health information technology to achieve greater healthcare value.
Bar Code Medication Administration Record (BC-MAR) - AnswersSystem that uses barcoding technology
for positive patient and drug identification during the process of giving a drug to a patient.
Basic EHR - AnswersAn EHR that includes computerized documentation but offers minimal or no clinical
decision support that alerts clinicians of potential issues with their patients.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) - AnswersThe division of the Department of Health
and Human Services that is responsible for developing healthcare policy in the United States and for
administering the Medicare program and the federal portion of the Medicaid program and maintaining
the procedure portion of the International Classification of Diseases, 10threvision, Clinical Modification
(ICD-10-CM).
Certified EHR technology (CEHRT) - AnswersCEHRT moves beyond the basic EHR and is the subject of
financial incentives encouraging hospitals and physicians to make meaningful use of it.
Clinical Data Repository (CDR) - AnswersAn open-structure database that is not dedicated to the
software of any particular vendor or data supplier, in which data from diverse sources are stored so that
an integrated, multidisciplinary view of the data can be achieved; also called Clinical Data Repository
(CDR) when related specifically to healthcare data.
Clinical Data Warehouse (CDW) - AnswersA database that is optimized for analytical query and report
processing using data from multiple databases; also called Clinical Data Warehouse (CDW) when related
specifically to health data.
Clinical Decision Support (CDS) System (CDSS) - AnswersA special subcategory of clinical information
systems that is designed to help healthcare providers make knowledge-based clinical decisions.
Clinical documentation system - Answers(6) Also called point-of-care charting, an application that guides
clinicians in capturing documentation, such as nurse assessments, history and physical examination
results, progress notes, not otherwise captured in other clinical applications such as bar code medication
administration record systems or computerized provider order entry systems. (7) Systems in which
clinicians enter documentation of clinical findings and services provided as they are taking care of
patients.
Clinical messaging system - AnswersThe function of electronically delivering data and automating the
workflow around the management of clinical data.
,Clinician - AnswersA healthcare professional, including physicians, nurses, and many others, who
provides healthcare services.
Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) - AnswersElectronic systems that support physicians and
other applicable licensed healthcare professionals in developing and documenting instructions for the
care of the patient, including the ordering of medications, diagnostic studies, food and nutrition, nursing
services, and treatments. These systems contain some clinical decision support functionality that
provides the user with standard order sets the reduce data entry time; alerts about the possibility of
drug interactions, allergic reactions, or a potential overdose; warnings for potential duplicate diagnostic
tests and therapies; reminders about the need to renew or discontinue an order; and other relevant
information.
Connectivity systems - AnswersSystems that support the ability of one computer system to exchange
data with another computer system.
Context-sensitive - Answers(6) An action performed by a computer program that depends on the values
of the variables that are predefined to be associated with the action. (7) A feature of a software program
that changes depending on the circumstances in which the program is used. For example, a context-
sensitive help function provides information only about the specific function being performed; in
healthcare, a template providing guidelines for documentation applicable to given patient's diagnosis.
Core clinical systems - AnswersApplications used by physicians, nurses, and other clinicians as they
directly care for patients. These applications are considered to make up the Electronic Health Record
(EHR).
Data mining - AnswersThe process of extracting and analyzing large volumes of data from a database for
the purpose of identifying hidden and sometimes subtle relationships or patterns and using those
relationships to predict behaviors.
Discrete data - AnswersData that represent separate and distinct values or observations; that is, data
that contain only finite numbers and have only specified values.
Document Imaging Systems (DIMS) - AnswersComputer systems that capture, store, and reprint images
of documents.
Electronic Content Management (ECM) system - AnswersSoftware used to capture, management, store,
preserve, and deliver analog documents and digital records where specific content has been indexed for
subsequent retrieval ECM may also be referred to as a Knowledge Management System.
Electronic Document Management (EDM) system - AnswersA storage solution based on digital scanning
technology in which source documents are scanned to create digital images of the documents that can
be stored electronically on optical disks.
Electronic Document/Content Management (ED/CM) system - AnswersA system that combines the
functions of ECM and EDM systems.
,Electronic Health Record (EHR) - Answers"An electronic record of health-related information on an
individual that conforms to nationally recognized interoperability standards and that can be created,
managed, and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff across more than one healthcare organization
(The National Alliance for Health Information Technology 2008). [This term has been defined by the
ASTM standards development organization (E1769, 1995) and adopted by the HL7 standards
development organization (2007) as "a comprehensive, structured set of clinical, demographic,
environmental, social, and financial data and information in electronic form, documenting the
healthcare given to a single individual." The Institute of Medicine patient record study report (1991 and
1997) defined this as "an electronic patient record that resides in a system specifically designed to
support users through availability of complete and accurate data, practitioner reminders and alerts,
clinical decision support systems, links to bodies of medical knowledge, and other aids. This definition
encompasses a broader view of the patient record than is current today, moving from the notion of a
location or device for keeping track of patient care events to a resource with much enhanced utility in
patient care (including the ability to provide an accurate longitudinal account of care), in management
of the health system, and in extension of knowledge."]
Electronic Medical Record (EMR) - AnswersAn electronic record of health-related information on an
individual that can be created, gathered, managed, and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff
within a single healthcare organization.
Electronic Medication Administration Record (EMAR) - Answers(6) Application in which a schedule of
medications, their dose, route, and time for administration is provided to the nursing staff and which is
used to document such administration. (7) A system designed to reduce medication errors by supplying
nursing staff with a legible printout or display of medications, their doses, route of administration, and
time for administration; this is in contrast to Barcode Medication Administration Record (BC-MAR).
Enterprise-wide Master Patient Index (EMPI) - AnswersAn index that provides access to multiple
repositories of information from overlapping patient populations that are maintained in separate
systems and databases.
Executive decision support - AnswersA system that analyzes a large volume of aggregated data and
provides trending information, used in healthcare to support strategic planning and management of the
healthcare organization.
E-visits - Answers(6) An e-mail encounter with a patient, which is reimbursable, either directly by the
patient or under a benefit plan. (7) An evaluation and management service provided by a physician or
other qualified health professional to an established patient using an electronic-based communication
network for which the provider receives reimbursement.
"Five Rights" of medication administration - AnswersThe "Five Rights" of medication administration
refers to a patient safety process that checks that the
1. right medication to be administered to the
, 2. right patient is given in the
3. right dose by the
4. right route, and at the 5. right time.
Health Information Exchange (HIE) - Answers(6) The electronic movement of health-related information
among organizations according to nationally recognized standards (The National Alliance for Health
Information Technology). (7) The sharing of patient information among different provider organizations
and others as authorized.
Health Information Exchange (HIE) is defined as the mobilization of healthcare information electronically
across organizations within a region, community or hospital system. HIE provides the capability to
electronically move clinical information among disparate health care information systems while
maintaining the meaning of the information being exchanged. The goal of HIE is to facilitate access to
and retrieval of clinical data to provide safer, more timely, efficient, effective, equitable, patient-
centered care. HIE is also useful to Public Health authorities to assist in analyses of the health of the
population.
Health Information Exchange (HIE) Organization (HIO) - Answers(6) An organization that oversees and
governs the exchange of health-related information among organizations according to nationally
recognized standards (The National Alliance of Health Information Technology); also referred to as a
"Health Information Exchange (HIE) organization"; and when based within a specific geographic area, a
"Regional Health Information Organization (RHIO)" or a "Local Health Information Organization (LHIO)".
(7) An organization that supports, oversees, or governs the exchange of health information among
organizations according to nationally recognized standards.
Health information network - AnswersGenerically, a health information network is a grouping of
computer systems used by healthcare-related organizations to communicate electronically. (See also
Health Information Exchange (HIE) and National Health Information Network (NHIN).
Health Information Technology (health IT or HIT) - AnswersThe application of information processing
involving both computer hardware and software that deals with the storage, retrieval, sharing, and use
of healthcare information, data, and knowledge for communication and decision making.
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act - AnswersLegislation
enacted in 2009 [as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)] to stimulate the
adoption of EHR and supporting technology in the United States.
Home monitoring - AnswersDevices that enable patients, caregivers, or healthcare providers to monitor
the patient's vital signs and other physiological indicators from the patient's home; examples include
diabetes kits, home pregnancy tests, or transtelephonic pacemaker monitoring.
Human-Computer Interface (HCI) - AnswersThe combination of input device and user interface software
used by humans to access and enter data into a computer system.
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) - AnswersA law, often called the economic
stimulus package, enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed by President Obama on
February 17, 2009, intended to improve the economy and create jobs. It includes measures to improve
use of health information technology to achieve greater healthcare value.
Bar Code Medication Administration Record (BC-MAR) - AnswersSystem that uses barcoding technology
for positive patient and drug identification during the process of giving a drug to a patient.
Basic EHR - AnswersAn EHR that includes computerized documentation but offers minimal or no clinical
decision support that alerts clinicians of potential issues with their patients.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) - AnswersThe division of the Department of Health
and Human Services that is responsible for developing healthcare policy in the United States and for
administering the Medicare program and the federal portion of the Medicaid program and maintaining
the procedure portion of the International Classification of Diseases, 10threvision, Clinical Modification
(ICD-10-CM).
Certified EHR technology (CEHRT) - AnswersCEHRT moves beyond the basic EHR and is the subject of
financial incentives encouraging hospitals and physicians to make meaningful use of it.
Clinical Data Repository (CDR) - AnswersAn open-structure database that is not dedicated to the
software of any particular vendor or data supplier, in which data from diverse sources are stored so that
an integrated, multidisciplinary view of the data can be achieved; also called Clinical Data Repository
(CDR) when related specifically to healthcare data.
Clinical Data Warehouse (CDW) - AnswersA database that is optimized for analytical query and report
processing using data from multiple databases; also called Clinical Data Warehouse (CDW) when related
specifically to health data.
Clinical Decision Support (CDS) System (CDSS) - AnswersA special subcategory of clinical information
systems that is designed to help healthcare providers make knowledge-based clinical decisions.
Clinical documentation system - Answers(6) Also called point-of-care charting, an application that guides
clinicians in capturing documentation, such as nurse assessments, history and physical examination
results, progress notes, not otherwise captured in other clinical applications such as bar code medication
administration record systems or computerized provider order entry systems. (7) Systems in which
clinicians enter documentation of clinical findings and services provided as they are taking care of
patients.
Clinical messaging system - AnswersThe function of electronically delivering data and automating the
workflow around the management of clinical data.
,Clinician - AnswersA healthcare professional, including physicians, nurses, and many others, who
provides healthcare services.
Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) - AnswersElectronic systems that support physicians and
other applicable licensed healthcare professionals in developing and documenting instructions for the
care of the patient, including the ordering of medications, diagnostic studies, food and nutrition, nursing
services, and treatments. These systems contain some clinical decision support functionality that
provides the user with standard order sets the reduce data entry time; alerts about the possibility of
drug interactions, allergic reactions, or a potential overdose; warnings for potential duplicate diagnostic
tests and therapies; reminders about the need to renew or discontinue an order; and other relevant
information.
Connectivity systems - AnswersSystems that support the ability of one computer system to exchange
data with another computer system.
Context-sensitive - Answers(6) An action performed by a computer program that depends on the values
of the variables that are predefined to be associated with the action. (7) A feature of a software program
that changes depending on the circumstances in which the program is used. For example, a context-
sensitive help function provides information only about the specific function being performed; in
healthcare, a template providing guidelines for documentation applicable to given patient's diagnosis.
Core clinical systems - AnswersApplications used by physicians, nurses, and other clinicians as they
directly care for patients. These applications are considered to make up the Electronic Health Record
(EHR).
Data mining - AnswersThe process of extracting and analyzing large volumes of data from a database for
the purpose of identifying hidden and sometimes subtle relationships or patterns and using those
relationships to predict behaviors.
Discrete data - AnswersData that represent separate and distinct values or observations; that is, data
that contain only finite numbers and have only specified values.
Document Imaging Systems (DIMS) - AnswersComputer systems that capture, store, and reprint images
of documents.
Electronic Content Management (ECM) system - AnswersSoftware used to capture, management, store,
preserve, and deliver analog documents and digital records where specific content has been indexed for
subsequent retrieval ECM may also be referred to as a Knowledge Management System.
Electronic Document Management (EDM) system - AnswersA storage solution based on digital scanning
technology in which source documents are scanned to create digital images of the documents that can
be stored electronically on optical disks.
Electronic Document/Content Management (ED/CM) system - AnswersA system that combines the
functions of ECM and EDM systems.
,Electronic Health Record (EHR) - Answers"An electronic record of health-related information on an
individual that conforms to nationally recognized interoperability standards and that can be created,
managed, and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff across more than one healthcare organization
(The National Alliance for Health Information Technology 2008). [This term has been defined by the
ASTM standards development organization (E1769, 1995) and adopted by the HL7 standards
development organization (2007) as "a comprehensive, structured set of clinical, demographic,
environmental, social, and financial data and information in electronic form, documenting the
healthcare given to a single individual." The Institute of Medicine patient record study report (1991 and
1997) defined this as "an electronic patient record that resides in a system specifically designed to
support users through availability of complete and accurate data, practitioner reminders and alerts,
clinical decision support systems, links to bodies of medical knowledge, and other aids. This definition
encompasses a broader view of the patient record than is current today, moving from the notion of a
location or device for keeping track of patient care events to a resource with much enhanced utility in
patient care (including the ability to provide an accurate longitudinal account of care), in management
of the health system, and in extension of knowledge."]
Electronic Medical Record (EMR) - AnswersAn electronic record of health-related information on an
individual that can be created, gathered, managed, and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff
within a single healthcare organization.
Electronic Medication Administration Record (EMAR) - Answers(6) Application in which a schedule of
medications, their dose, route, and time for administration is provided to the nursing staff and which is
used to document such administration. (7) A system designed to reduce medication errors by supplying
nursing staff with a legible printout or display of medications, their doses, route of administration, and
time for administration; this is in contrast to Barcode Medication Administration Record (BC-MAR).
Enterprise-wide Master Patient Index (EMPI) - AnswersAn index that provides access to multiple
repositories of information from overlapping patient populations that are maintained in separate
systems and databases.
Executive decision support - AnswersA system that analyzes a large volume of aggregated data and
provides trending information, used in healthcare to support strategic planning and management of the
healthcare organization.
E-visits - Answers(6) An e-mail encounter with a patient, which is reimbursable, either directly by the
patient or under a benefit plan. (7) An evaluation and management service provided by a physician or
other qualified health professional to an established patient using an electronic-based communication
network for which the provider receives reimbursement.
"Five Rights" of medication administration - AnswersThe "Five Rights" of medication administration
refers to a patient safety process that checks that the
1. right medication to be administered to the
, 2. right patient is given in the
3. right dose by the
4. right route, and at the 5. right time.
Health Information Exchange (HIE) - Answers(6) The electronic movement of health-related information
among organizations according to nationally recognized standards (The National Alliance for Health
Information Technology). (7) The sharing of patient information among different provider organizations
and others as authorized.
Health Information Exchange (HIE) is defined as the mobilization of healthcare information electronically
across organizations within a region, community or hospital system. HIE provides the capability to
electronically move clinical information among disparate health care information systems while
maintaining the meaning of the information being exchanged. The goal of HIE is to facilitate access to
and retrieval of clinical data to provide safer, more timely, efficient, effective, equitable, patient-
centered care. HIE is also useful to Public Health authorities to assist in analyses of the health of the
population.
Health Information Exchange (HIE) Organization (HIO) - Answers(6) An organization that oversees and
governs the exchange of health-related information among organizations according to nationally
recognized standards (The National Alliance of Health Information Technology); also referred to as a
"Health Information Exchange (HIE) organization"; and when based within a specific geographic area, a
"Regional Health Information Organization (RHIO)" or a "Local Health Information Organization (LHIO)".
(7) An organization that supports, oversees, or governs the exchange of health information among
organizations according to nationally recognized standards.
Health information network - AnswersGenerically, a health information network is a grouping of
computer systems used by healthcare-related organizations to communicate electronically. (See also
Health Information Exchange (HIE) and National Health Information Network (NHIN).
Health Information Technology (health IT or HIT) - AnswersThe application of information processing
involving both computer hardware and software that deals with the storage, retrieval, sharing, and use
of healthcare information, data, and knowledge for communication and decision making.
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act - AnswersLegislation
enacted in 2009 [as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)] to stimulate the
adoption of EHR and supporting technology in the United States.
Home monitoring - AnswersDevices that enable patients, caregivers, or healthcare providers to monitor
the patient's vital signs and other physiological indicators from the patient's home; examples include
diabetes kits, home pregnancy tests, or transtelephonic pacemaker monitoring.
Human-Computer Interface (HCI) - AnswersThe combination of input device and user interface software
used by humans to access and enter data into a computer system.
