HNI 464 midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
What are some lower respiratory tract disorders?
Bronchiolitis
Asthma
What is bronchiolitis?
Acute inflammation & possible obstruction of the bronchioles
What are the symptoms of bronchiolitis?
- Minor upper respiratory symptoms develop into harsh cough
- Wheezing
- Crackles
- Respiratory distress
- Decreased appetite
- Irritability
- Hypoxia
- Dehydration
What is the treatment for bronchiolitis?
- Respiratory support
- Monitoring O2
- O2 with humidification prn
- Nebulized hypertonic saline to infants and children
hospitalized
- Ensure hydration
- Monitor for complications
,What is asthma?
A disease affecting the bronchial tubes that carry air to the lungs
Characterized by reversible airway inflammation &
bronchoconstriction
Breathing is sometimes difficult because of what changes in the
airways?
S-swelling of the lining in the airways
E-extra mucus in the airways
T- tightening of the muscles around the airways
What are some asthma triggers?
- Infections
- Allergens
- Exercise
- Inhaled irritants
- Strong emotions/stress
- Cold weather
- Medications- ASA induced asthma
What tests might be done to assess a child with asthma?
- O2 saturation
- Pulmonary function tests
- Arterial blood gases
- Chest x-ray
- Allergy skin testing
- Radio-allergosorbent test
How do you treat asthma?
,- Environmental controls
- Treat underlying disorders (allergies, GERD, chronic sinusitis,
obesity)
- Medications
relaxation/breathing techniques
- Exercise
- Symptom monitoring
- Early intervention
What is the asthma action plan?
A written asthma action plan includes instructions for daily
management & recognizing and handling worsening asthma,
including self adjustment of meds in response to acute
symptoms
(Green light, yellow light, red light)
What are the different classifications of asthma treatments?
- Rescue/quick relievers
(Bronchodilators- albuterol, levalbuterol)
- Controller/Maintenance
(Anti-inflammatory
Inhaled steroids- fluticasone
Non-steroid- Montelukast
Long acting bronchodilator- Salmeterol
Biologics)
What is status asthmaticus?
, Life threatening episode of airway obstruction
What are nursing interventions for status asthmaticus?
- IV access
- Treat bronchospasms with aerosolized bronchodilators and
systemic steroid therapy
- Supplemental O2
What are symptoms of foreign body aspiration?
- Coughing, choking, hoarse voice
- Feeling that something is stuck in the throat
- Babies may be irritable, crying, not feeding well
- Painful swallowing, decreased feeding, weak sucking,
excessive drooling
- Wheezing- UNILATERAL
- Noisy or troubled breathing
What is pneumonia?
- Viral/bacterial infection of distal respiratory tract
- Inflammation of lung tissue
- Impaired gas exchange
- Airway inflammation
What are symptoms of pneumonia?
- Fever
- URI symptoms
- Respiratory distress with tachypnea
- Retractions
- Rales
- Decreased breath sounds
What are some lower respiratory tract disorders?
Bronchiolitis
Asthma
What is bronchiolitis?
Acute inflammation & possible obstruction of the bronchioles
What are the symptoms of bronchiolitis?
- Minor upper respiratory symptoms develop into harsh cough
- Wheezing
- Crackles
- Respiratory distress
- Decreased appetite
- Irritability
- Hypoxia
- Dehydration
What is the treatment for bronchiolitis?
- Respiratory support
- Monitoring O2
- O2 with humidification prn
- Nebulized hypertonic saline to infants and children
hospitalized
- Ensure hydration
- Monitor for complications
,What is asthma?
A disease affecting the bronchial tubes that carry air to the lungs
Characterized by reversible airway inflammation &
bronchoconstriction
Breathing is sometimes difficult because of what changes in the
airways?
S-swelling of the lining in the airways
E-extra mucus in the airways
T- tightening of the muscles around the airways
What are some asthma triggers?
- Infections
- Allergens
- Exercise
- Inhaled irritants
- Strong emotions/stress
- Cold weather
- Medications- ASA induced asthma
What tests might be done to assess a child with asthma?
- O2 saturation
- Pulmonary function tests
- Arterial blood gases
- Chest x-ray
- Allergy skin testing
- Radio-allergosorbent test
How do you treat asthma?
,- Environmental controls
- Treat underlying disorders (allergies, GERD, chronic sinusitis,
obesity)
- Medications
relaxation/breathing techniques
- Exercise
- Symptom monitoring
- Early intervention
What is the asthma action plan?
A written asthma action plan includes instructions for daily
management & recognizing and handling worsening asthma,
including self adjustment of meds in response to acute
symptoms
(Green light, yellow light, red light)
What are the different classifications of asthma treatments?
- Rescue/quick relievers
(Bronchodilators- albuterol, levalbuterol)
- Controller/Maintenance
(Anti-inflammatory
Inhaled steroids- fluticasone
Non-steroid- Montelukast
Long acting bronchodilator- Salmeterol
Biologics)
What is status asthmaticus?
, Life threatening episode of airway obstruction
What are nursing interventions for status asthmaticus?
- IV access
- Treat bronchospasms with aerosolized bronchodilators and
systemic steroid therapy
- Supplemental O2
What are symptoms of foreign body aspiration?
- Coughing, choking, hoarse voice
- Feeling that something is stuck in the throat
- Babies may be irritable, crying, not feeding well
- Painful swallowing, decreased feeding, weak sucking,
excessive drooling
- Wheezing- UNILATERAL
- Noisy or troubled breathing
What is pneumonia?
- Viral/bacterial infection of distal respiratory tract
- Inflammation of lung tissue
- Impaired gas exchange
- Airway inflammation
What are symptoms of pneumonia?
- Fever
- URI symptoms
- Respiratory distress with tachypnea
- Retractions
- Rales
- Decreased breath sounds
