3009 Health Assessment- Exam 3 with
100% correct answers 2025
Paget disease <correct answer>-intraductal carcinoma in the breast
-is cancer within the ducts of the breast. Goes from the ducts to spreading into the skin
area
Edema (peau d' orange) <correct answer>-Lymphatic obstruction produces edema.
-This thickens the skin giving it a "pigskin", orange peel appearance on breast can be
suggestive of breast cancer, requires further investigation
Supernumerary nipple <correct answer>Small, extra nipple along the embryonic milk
line; congenital defect, could be up to 8 nipples, but should recede into themselves
Gynecomastia <correct answer>Excessive breast development in males; normal during
adolescence and aging, benign (excess estrogen compared to testosterone)
Dimpling/nipple retraction <correct answer>Nipple appears flatter, broader, underlying
crater occurs when tumor is attacking the duct, which causes nipple to be pulled in
Benign "fibrocystic" breast disease <correct answer>-Multiple tender masses that occur
w/ numerous symptoms and physical findings: swelling/ tenderness, severe pain,
lumpiness, cysts, nipple discharge, infection/inflammation
-Nodularity occurs bilaterally --> firm, mobile, well demarcated, and rubbery like small
water balloons
Breast cancer <correct answer>-We all have certain tumor suppressor genes termed
BRCA1 and BRCA2, women who inherit a mutation on one or both have a significantly
increased risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer
-Second major cause of death from cancer in women
-White women have higher incidence of breast cancer than African American women
starting at 45 years
-Most common in upper outer quadrant
-Usually found in women 30-80 years; increased risk across all ages until 80 years
-Lifestyle factors: limiting alcohol consumption, maintaining healthy weight, exercise
-Signs: Non-tender, hard, solitary, unilateral, 3D, dense, borders irregular & poorly
delineated, grows constantly
As cancer advances, firm or hard irregular axillary nodes, skin dimpling, nipple
retraction, elevation, discharge
, Male breast cancer <correct answer>-Most often seen between age 60-70
-1% of breast cancers occur in men
-No standard mammography; it is detectable by clinical symptoms: painless, palpable
mass, hard, irregular, and non-tender
-Nipple discharge may be an early warning sign
Retraction and ulceration may also be present
Mastitis <correct answer>-An inflammatory mass before abscess formation, hot, tender,
hard, usually during first 4 months of breast feeding begins by blocked duct
-Treated with rest, local heat and antibiotics
Frequent nursing recommended to keep it empty
Fibroadenoma <correct answer>-Benign tumors, self-detected in adolescence, solitary,
non-tender mass is solid, firm, rubbery, freely movable, slippery, round (1-5 cm), usually
not associated w/ lymphadenopathy but frequently painful
-Diagnose by palpation, ultrasound and needle biopsy
Lung examination (Inspect) <correct answer>Anterior-Posterior ratio
-Normal outcome: 1:2
-Abnormal outcome: barrel chest, Pectus Carinatum "pigeon chest", funnel chest,
clubbing from reduced oxygen in blood
Lung examination (Palpate) <correct answer>Fremitus:
-Patient says "1, 2, 3" repeatedly
-Nurse uses ulnar part of the hand to feel the vibrations
Normal outcome: vibration felt all the way down (indicated air)
Abnormal outcome: vibration diminishes (indicates fluid)
Lung examination (Percussion) <correct answer>Take palmar part of hand, place
across the patient's chest
-Middle finger of hand placed between the intercostal spaces, tap with opposite finger
on the middle digit
----Normal outcome: Resonance heard across the lung fields (indicates air)
----Abnormal outcome: dull or diminished sounds across the lung fields (indicates fluid)
Lung examination (Auscultation)- Anterior <correct answer>Technique: compare both
sides with each other as you work your way down
Lung examination (Auscultation)- Posterior <correct answer>Technique: compare both
sides with each other as you work your way down
100% correct answers 2025
Paget disease <correct answer>-intraductal carcinoma in the breast
-is cancer within the ducts of the breast. Goes from the ducts to spreading into the skin
area
Edema (peau d' orange) <correct answer>-Lymphatic obstruction produces edema.
-This thickens the skin giving it a "pigskin", orange peel appearance on breast can be
suggestive of breast cancer, requires further investigation
Supernumerary nipple <correct answer>Small, extra nipple along the embryonic milk
line; congenital defect, could be up to 8 nipples, but should recede into themselves
Gynecomastia <correct answer>Excessive breast development in males; normal during
adolescence and aging, benign (excess estrogen compared to testosterone)
Dimpling/nipple retraction <correct answer>Nipple appears flatter, broader, underlying
crater occurs when tumor is attacking the duct, which causes nipple to be pulled in
Benign "fibrocystic" breast disease <correct answer>-Multiple tender masses that occur
w/ numerous symptoms and physical findings: swelling/ tenderness, severe pain,
lumpiness, cysts, nipple discharge, infection/inflammation
-Nodularity occurs bilaterally --> firm, mobile, well demarcated, and rubbery like small
water balloons
Breast cancer <correct answer>-We all have certain tumor suppressor genes termed
BRCA1 and BRCA2, women who inherit a mutation on one or both have a significantly
increased risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer
-Second major cause of death from cancer in women
-White women have higher incidence of breast cancer than African American women
starting at 45 years
-Most common in upper outer quadrant
-Usually found in women 30-80 years; increased risk across all ages until 80 years
-Lifestyle factors: limiting alcohol consumption, maintaining healthy weight, exercise
-Signs: Non-tender, hard, solitary, unilateral, 3D, dense, borders irregular & poorly
delineated, grows constantly
As cancer advances, firm or hard irregular axillary nodes, skin dimpling, nipple
retraction, elevation, discharge
, Male breast cancer <correct answer>-Most often seen between age 60-70
-1% of breast cancers occur in men
-No standard mammography; it is detectable by clinical symptoms: painless, palpable
mass, hard, irregular, and non-tender
-Nipple discharge may be an early warning sign
Retraction and ulceration may also be present
Mastitis <correct answer>-An inflammatory mass before abscess formation, hot, tender,
hard, usually during first 4 months of breast feeding begins by blocked duct
-Treated with rest, local heat and antibiotics
Frequent nursing recommended to keep it empty
Fibroadenoma <correct answer>-Benign tumors, self-detected in adolescence, solitary,
non-tender mass is solid, firm, rubbery, freely movable, slippery, round (1-5 cm), usually
not associated w/ lymphadenopathy but frequently painful
-Diagnose by palpation, ultrasound and needle biopsy
Lung examination (Inspect) <correct answer>Anterior-Posterior ratio
-Normal outcome: 1:2
-Abnormal outcome: barrel chest, Pectus Carinatum "pigeon chest", funnel chest,
clubbing from reduced oxygen in blood
Lung examination (Palpate) <correct answer>Fremitus:
-Patient says "1, 2, 3" repeatedly
-Nurse uses ulnar part of the hand to feel the vibrations
Normal outcome: vibration felt all the way down (indicated air)
Abnormal outcome: vibration diminishes (indicates fluid)
Lung examination (Percussion) <correct answer>Take palmar part of hand, place
across the patient's chest
-Middle finger of hand placed between the intercostal spaces, tap with opposite finger
on the middle digit
----Normal outcome: Resonance heard across the lung fields (indicates air)
----Abnormal outcome: dull or diminished sounds across the lung fields (indicates fluid)
Lung examination (Auscultation)- Anterior <correct answer>Technique: compare both
sides with each other as you work your way down
Lung examination (Auscultation)- Posterior <correct answer>Technique: compare both
sides with each other as you work your way down
