NR 507/ NR507 MIDTERM EXAM: (NEW 2025/
2026 UPDATE) ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY GUIDE | QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS | GRADE A | 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) – CHAMBERLAIN
Hives (urticaria) are an example of a: - Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.
Anaphylaxis is what type of reaction? - type 1 hypersensitivity
Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune system? -
neutrophils
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of what type of
hypersensitivity reaction. - type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 2 (Cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by: - IgG or IgM
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by - IgE
Allergic asthma is an example of - type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
type 2 hypersensitivity - tissue specific
Primary effector cells of type 2 - macrophages
Examples of type 2 reactions - drug allergies, hemolytic anemia, blood transfusion mismatch,
allergies against infectious agents
Type 2 causes - The cell to be destroyed by the antibody
Cell destruction through phagocytosis by macrophages
Damage to the cell by neutrophils triggering phagocytosis
Natural killer cells to release toxic substances that destroy the target cell
Malfunction of the cell without destruction
Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction - antigen-antibody response
,Where does the antibody bind to the antigen in type 3 response? - in blood or body fluids and
then circulates to tissue
Where does the antibody bind to the antigen in type 1, 2, and 4? - on cell surface
Primary effector cell in type 3 - neutrophils
example of type 3 reaction - serum sickness
type 4 hypersensitivity reaction - cell-mediated response
primary mediators of type 4 - lymphocytes and macrophages
type 4 mediated by - T lymphocytes and do not use antibodies
example of type 4 - localized contact dermatitis (poison ivy)
Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because: - Complement damages RBC membrane
causing cell lysis.
Which of the following is the underlying pathology for hay fever? - mast cell degranulation
The diagnosis for an individual who presents to the office with sudden swollen lips and eyes,
shortness of breath and throat tightness after a bee sting is: - anaphylaxis
Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in a patient who presents with
urticaria? - Eosinophilia.
An example of a primary immunodeficiency is: - Chronic Granulomatous Disease.
what is a predominant cause of secondary immune deficiencies worldwide. - Malnutrition
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease? - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
Which is true about a primary immunodeficiency? - It is the result of a single gene defect.
(genetics)
Examples of secondary immunodeficiency - HIV, cancer
Secondary immunodeficiency caused by - external to immune system
examples of primary immunodeficiency - Chronic granulomatous Disease of Childhood
DiGeorge Syndrome
Familial Mediterranean fever
Job Syndrome
, Common Variable Immunodeficiency
examples of secondary immunodeficiency - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Pneumocystis Carinii
Pneumonia
Sinus infection
Lung cancer
Select the best statement below that describes a primary immunodeficiency: - Are less
common and occur due to a defect on the development of the immune system.
Cancer is a secondary immunodeficiency. - true
Sinusitis is considered a primary immunodeficiency. - false
A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was admitted to the acute care facility with
difficulty breathing. He is diagnosed with Pneumocytis carinii. Pneumocystis carinii an example
of: - secondary immune disease
Which of the following findings can be used to diagnose Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
- Facial rash confined to the cheeks.
A renal disease most often associated with autoimmunity is - Glomerulonephritis.
The major immune system change associated with Sjogren's Syndrome is: - Autoantibodies
and auto-reactive T-cells against apoptotic cells.
Which of the following can depress a person's normal immune function? - Psychological
Stress
Which of the following assessment findings would support a diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
(RA)? - Swollen metacarpophalangeal joints.
Which of the following statements best describes the symptoms of Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE). - Tissue inflammation, vasculitis, rash, tissue inflammation.
The presence of a low number of autoantibodies is an indicator that the individual will develop
an autoimmune disease. - false *does not indicate
The following immune components can be involved in autoimmune diseases: T-Cells, B-cells
and autoantibodies. - true
2026 UPDATE) ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY GUIDE | QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS | GRADE A | 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) – CHAMBERLAIN
Hives (urticaria) are an example of a: - Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.
Anaphylaxis is what type of reaction? - type 1 hypersensitivity
Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune system? -
neutrophils
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of what type of
hypersensitivity reaction. - type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 2 (Cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by: - IgG or IgM
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by - IgE
Allergic asthma is an example of - type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
type 2 hypersensitivity - tissue specific
Primary effector cells of type 2 - macrophages
Examples of type 2 reactions - drug allergies, hemolytic anemia, blood transfusion mismatch,
allergies against infectious agents
Type 2 causes - The cell to be destroyed by the antibody
Cell destruction through phagocytosis by macrophages
Damage to the cell by neutrophils triggering phagocytosis
Natural killer cells to release toxic substances that destroy the target cell
Malfunction of the cell without destruction
Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction - antigen-antibody response
,Where does the antibody bind to the antigen in type 3 response? - in blood or body fluids and
then circulates to tissue
Where does the antibody bind to the antigen in type 1, 2, and 4? - on cell surface
Primary effector cell in type 3 - neutrophils
example of type 3 reaction - serum sickness
type 4 hypersensitivity reaction - cell-mediated response
primary mediators of type 4 - lymphocytes and macrophages
type 4 mediated by - T lymphocytes and do not use antibodies
example of type 4 - localized contact dermatitis (poison ivy)
Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because: - Complement damages RBC membrane
causing cell lysis.
Which of the following is the underlying pathology for hay fever? - mast cell degranulation
The diagnosis for an individual who presents to the office with sudden swollen lips and eyes,
shortness of breath and throat tightness after a bee sting is: - anaphylaxis
Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in a patient who presents with
urticaria? - Eosinophilia.
An example of a primary immunodeficiency is: - Chronic Granulomatous Disease.
what is a predominant cause of secondary immune deficiencies worldwide. - Malnutrition
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease? - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
Which is true about a primary immunodeficiency? - It is the result of a single gene defect.
(genetics)
Examples of secondary immunodeficiency - HIV, cancer
Secondary immunodeficiency caused by - external to immune system
examples of primary immunodeficiency - Chronic granulomatous Disease of Childhood
DiGeorge Syndrome
Familial Mediterranean fever
Job Syndrome
, Common Variable Immunodeficiency
examples of secondary immunodeficiency - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Pneumocystis Carinii
Pneumonia
Sinus infection
Lung cancer
Select the best statement below that describes a primary immunodeficiency: - Are less
common and occur due to a defect on the development of the immune system.
Cancer is a secondary immunodeficiency. - true
Sinusitis is considered a primary immunodeficiency. - false
A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was admitted to the acute care facility with
difficulty breathing. He is diagnosed with Pneumocytis carinii. Pneumocystis carinii an example
of: - secondary immune disease
Which of the following findings can be used to diagnose Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
- Facial rash confined to the cheeks.
A renal disease most often associated with autoimmunity is - Glomerulonephritis.
The major immune system change associated with Sjogren's Syndrome is: - Autoantibodies
and auto-reactive T-cells against apoptotic cells.
Which of the following can depress a person's normal immune function? - Psychological
Stress
Which of the following assessment findings would support a diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
(RA)? - Swollen metacarpophalangeal joints.
Which of the following statements best describes the symptoms of Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE). - Tissue inflammation, vasculitis, rash, tissue inflammation.
The presence of a low number of autoantibodies is an indicator that the individual will develop
an autoimmune disease. - false *does not indicate
The following immune components can be involved in autoimmune diseases: T-Cells, B-cells
and autoantibodies. - true
