NR 507: Advan ed Pathophysiology Midterm t
1. Asthma: hroni disease due to bron ho onstri tion and an ex essive inflam-
T t t t t t
matory response in the bron hioles t
2. What are 5 s/s of asthma: oughing t
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
hest tightness
t
3. Pathophysiology of asthma (5): -airway inflammation, bron hial hyper-rea tivity t t
and smooth mus le spasm t
-ex ess mu us produ tion and a umulation
t t t tt
-hypertrophy of bron hial smooth mus le t t
-airflow obstru tion t
-de reased alveolar ventilation
t
4. Bron hioles: smaller passageways that originate from the bron hi that be ome
t t t
the alveoli
5. 3 layers of the bron hioles: innermost layer t
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
6. lamina propria: the middle layer of the bron hioles t
7. stru ture of the lamina propria: embedded with onne tive tissue ells and
t t t t
immune ells t
8. purpose of the lamina propria: white blood ells are present to help prote t the t t
airways
9. How does the lamina propria effe t the lungs in regards to asthma: the WB t
Ts prote tive feature goes into overdrive ausing an inflammatory response that
t t
damages host tissue
10. What does the innermost layer of the bron hioles ontain: olumnar epithe- t t t
lial ells and mu us produ ing goblet ells t t t
11. What does the outermost layer of the bron hioles ontain: smooth mus le t t t
ells
t
12. what does the outermost layer of the bron hioles do: ontrol the airways t t
ability to onstri t and dilate
t t
13. alveolar hyperinflation: When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it
should due to bron hial walls ollapsing around possible mu us plug thus trapping
t t t
air inside
14. how does hyperinflation o ur?: the ongoing inflammatory pro ess of asthma tt t
produ es mu us and pus plug that the bron hial walls ollapse around
t t t t
, NR 507: Advan ed Pathophysiology Midterm t
15. Effe t of hyperinflation of the alveolar: -expanded thorax and hyper apnia
t t
(retention of O2) T
- respiratory a idosis t
16. What are two anti holinergi drugs used for asthma: tiotropium and iprat- t t
ropium
17. What do anti holinergi s do in the lungs?: These drugs blo k the effe ts of the t t t t
parasympatheti nervous system t
- in reasing bron hodilation
t t
18. MOA of anti holinergi drugs for asthma: the parasympatheti system is t t t
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release a etyl holine whi h binds to the holinergi re t t t t t
eptors of the respiratory tra t to ause bron hial onstri tion = de reased airflow
t t t t t t t
- blo king the holinergi re eptors prevents a etyl holine binding preventing the bron
t t t t t t
hial onstri tion
t t t
19. bron hitis: inflammation of the bron hial tubes
t t
20. 3 hara teristi s of bron hitis: bron hial inflammation
t t t t t
hyperse retion of mu us t t
hroni produ tive ough for at least 3 onse utive months for at least 2 su essive years
t t t t t t tt
21. Perfusion: The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the ells and t
tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the apillaries. t
22. results of hroni bron hitis/ low perfusion: yanosis t t t t
right to left shunting
hroni hypoxemia
t t
23. Why is there yanosis with hroni bron hitis: there is hypoxia due to unfa- t t t t
vorable onditions for gas ex hange
t t
24. Right to left shunting: when blood passes from the right ventri le through the t
lungs and to the left ventri le without perfusion t
25. auses of bron hitis: -long term exposure to environmental irritants
T t
-repeated episodes of a ute infe tion (RSV infe tion in early infan y) t t t t
-Fa tors affe ting gestational hildhood lung development (preterm birth)
t t t
26. Pathogenesis of bron hitis: -Exposure to airborne irritants t
- Irritant a tivates bron hial smooth mus le onstri tion and mu us se retion
t t t t t t t
- Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune ells lo ated in the lamina t t
propria
27. most ommon irritant with bron hitis is?: toba o produ t smoke
t t tt t
28. what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bron hitis? (5): - t
smooth mus le hypertrophy t
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet ells t
1. Asthma: hroni disease due to bron ho onstri tion and an ex essive inflam-
T t t t t t
matory response in the bron hioles t
2. What are 5 s/s of asthma: oughing t
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
hest tightness
t
3. Pathophysiology of asthma (5): -airway inflammation, bron hial hyper-rea tivity t t
and smooth mus le spasm t
-ex ess mu us produ tion and a umulation
t t t tt
-hypertrophy of bron hial smooth mus le t t
-airflow obstru tion t
-de reased alveolar ventilation
t
4. Bron hioles: smaller passageways that originate from the bron hi that be ome
t t t
the alveoli
5. 3 layers of the bron hioles: innermost layer t
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
6. lamina propria: the middle layer of the bron hioles t
7. stru ture of the lamina propria: embedded with onne tive tissue ells and
t t t t
immune ells t
8. purpose of the lamina propria: white blood ells are present to help prote t the t t
airways
9. How does the lamina propria effe t the lungs in regards to asthma: the WB t
Ts prote tive feature goes into overdrive ausing an inflammatory response that
t t
damages host tissue
10. What does the innermost layer of the bron hioles ontain: olumnar epithe- t t t
lial ells and mu us produ ing goblet ells t t t
11. What does the outermost layer of the bron hioles ontain: smooth mus le t t t
ells
t
12. what does the outermost layer of the bron hioles do: ontrol the airways t t
ability to onstri t and dilate
t t
13. alveolar hyperinflation: When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it
should due to bron hial walls ollapsing around possible mu us plug thus trapping
t t t
air inside
14. how does hyperinflation o ur?: the ongoing inflammatory pro ess of asthma tt t
produ es mu us and pus plug that the bron hial walls ollapse around
t t t t
, NR 507: Advan ed Pathophysiology Midterm t
15. Effe t of hyperinflation of the alveolar: -expanded thorax and hyper apnia
t t
(retention of O2) T
- respiratory a idosis t
16. What are two anti holinergi drugs used for asthma: tiotropium and iprat- t t
ropium
17. What do anti holinergi s do in the lungs?: These drugs blo k the effe ts of the t t t t
parasympatheti nervous system t
- in reasing bron hodilation
t t
18. MOA of anti holinergi drugs for asthma: the parasympatheti system is t t t
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release a etyl holine whi h binds to the holinergi re t t t t t
eptors of the respiratory tra t to ause bron hial onstri tion = de reased airflow
t t t t t t t
- blo king the holinergi re eptors prevents a etyl holine binding preventing the bron
t t t t t t
hial onstri tion
t t t
19. bron hitis: inflammation of the bron hial tubes
t t
20. 3 hara teristi s of bron hitis: bron hial inflammation
t t t t t
hyperse retion of mu us t t
hroni produ tive ough for at least 3 onse utive months for at least 2 su essive years
t t t t t t tt
21. Perfusion: The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the ells and t
tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the apillaries. t
22. results of hroni bron hitis/ low perfusion: yanosis t t t t
right to left shunting
hroni hypoxemia
t t
23. Why is there yanosis with hroni bron hitis: there is hypoxia due to unfa- t t t t
vorable onditions for gas ex hange
t t
24. Right to left shunting: when blood passes from the right ventri le through the t
lungs and to the left ventri le without perfusion t
25. auses of bron hitis: -long term exposure to environmental irritants
T t
-repeated episodes of a ute infe tion (RSV infe tion in early infan y) t t t t
-Fa tors affe ting gestational hildhood lung development (preterm birth)
t t t
26. Pathogenesis of bron hitis: -Exposure to airborne irritants t
- Irritant a tivates bron hial smooth mus le onstri tion and mu us se retion
t t t t t t t
- Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune ells lo ated in the lamina t t
propria
27. most ommon irritant with bron hitis is?: toba o produ t smoke
t t tt t
28. what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bron hitis? (5): - t
smooth mus le hypertrophy t
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet ells t
