WILKES NSG 533 EXAM 1 NEWEST
2025/2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS | A+
GRADE VERIFIED
1. When analyzing information on the safety of a drug
exposure during pregnancy, which one of these
statements is true?
Medication use during pregnancy is the leading cause of
congenital anomalies.
There is a baseline risk of major malformations of about
3% at birth in the general population.
Animal studies are of more value than human data to
inform on teratogenic risk of a drug.
The fetogenesis period is the most at risk period for
structural congenital anomalies following a teratogenic
exposure. Correct Answer 1. Answer: B
Option A: Incorrect. Medications are the cause of less than
1% of congenital anomalies.
Option B: Correct. The leading cause of congenital
anomalies is genetic. Animal studies have several limits to
study human teratology. The organogenesis (or
embryogenesis) is the most at-risk period for structural
congenital anomalies.
Option C: Incorrect. Not all teratogenic effects in animals
are also seen in humans.
Option D: Incorrect. The organogenesis period is the most
at-risk period for structural congenital anomalies following
a teratogenic exposure.
,2. Which one of the following periods is considered the
organogenesis (embryogenesis) period?
Days 1 to 14 post conception
Days 1 to 14 after last menses
Days 14 to 28 post conception
Days 28 to 77 after last menses Correct Answer 2.
Answer: D
Options A, B, and C: Incorrect. Organogenesis extends to
day 77 (11 weeks) after last menses.
Option D: Correct. Days 28 to 77 after last menses
represent the organogenesis (2-9 weeks after conception).
Do not confuse gestational age (calculated from the last
menses) and postconceptional age. Days 14 to 28 post
conception correspond to the implantation and
predifferentiation period.
3. During the first trimester of pregnancy, each of the
following screening tests should be performed except:
Hemoglobin and hematocrit
Group B Streptococcus vaginal-rectal culture
HIV
Urinalysis with Gram stain and culture Correct Answer 3.
Answer: B
Option B: Correct. Group B Streptococcus vaginal-rectal
culture is recommended between 35 and 37 weeks of
gestation and not during the first trimester.
Options A, C, and D: Incorrect. The other three tests
should be completed during the first trimester.
,4. Which of the following is recommended for initial
therapy for a patient experiencing nausea and vomiting in
the first trimester of pregnancy?
Diphenhydramine
Metoclopramide
Ondansetron
Pyridoxine and doxylamine Correct Answer 4. Answer: D
Option A, B, C: Incorrect. Diphenhydramine,
metoclopramie, and ondansetron may be used as second
line agents if pyridoxine and doxylamine are ineffective or
not tolerated by the patient.
Option D: Pyridoxine and doxylamine are recommended
for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
5. Which of the following is the recommended daily dose
of folic acid for a patient who is trying to conceive and
does not have additional risk factors for fetal neural tube
defects?
0.1 mg
0.4 mg
1 mg
4 mg Correct Answer 5. Answer: B
Option B: Correct. ACOG and the USPSTF recommend
0.4 to 0.8 mg of folic acid daily, beginning 1 month before
pregnancy, and continuing through the first trimester.
Option A, C, D: Incorrect. Patients with an increased risk
of fetal neural tube defects (personal or family history of
NTDs, use of antiseizure medications [valproic acid and
carbamazepine], maternal diabetes, obesity, and
mutations in folate-related enzymes, etc.) are
recommended to take 1 to 5 mg of folic acid.
, 6. Which of the following statements regarding thyroid
disorders during pregnancy is true?
All pregnant patients should be screened for thyroid
disorders in the first trimester
For prepregnancy hypothyroidism, empirically increase
levothyroxine dose by 30% once pregnant
Methimazole is the preferred agent for hyperthyroidism
treatment in the first trimester
Levothyroxine should not be used during lactation Correct
Answer 6. Answer: B
Option A: Incorrect. Universal screening of thyroid
disorders in pregnancy is no longer recommended
because identification and treatment of maternal
subclinical hypothyroidism has not been shown to result in
improved pregnancy outcomes or neurocognitive
functioning in children.
Option B: Correct. The dose of levothyroxine should be
increased by 30% from prepregnancy dose once the
patient is pregnant.
Option C: Incorrect. Methimazole is not used for treatment
of hyperthyroidism in the first trimester due to increased
risk of congenital anomalies but is appropriate for use in
the second and third trimester.
Option D: Incorrect. Levothyroxine is considered safe to
use in pregnancy and lactation.
7. Which of the following maternal treatments has not
been associated with a reduction of adverse pregnancy
outcomes?
2025/2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS | A+
GRADE VERIFIED
1. When analyzing information on the safety of a drug
exposure during pregnancy, which one of these
statements is true?
Medication use during pregnancy is the leading cause of
congenital anomalies.
There is a baseline risk of major malformations of about
3% at birth in the general population.
Animal studies are of more value than human data to
inform on teratogenic risk of a drug.
The fetogenesis period is the most at risk period for
structural congenital anomalies following a teratogenic
exposure. Correct Answer 1. Answer: B
Option A: Incorrect. Medications are the cause of less than
1% of congenital anomalies.
Option B: Correct. The leading cause of congenital
anomalies is genetic. Animal studies have several limits to
study human teratology. The organogenesis (or
embryogenesis) is the most at-risk period for structural
congenital anomalies.
Option C: Incorrect. Not all teratogenic effects in animals
are also seen in humans.
Option D: Incorrect. The organogenesis period is the most
at-risk period for structural congenital anomalies following
a teratogenic exposure.
,2. Which one of the following periods is considered the
organogenesis (embryogenesis) period?
Days 1 to 14 post conception
Days 1 to 14 after last menses
Days 14 to 28 post conception
Days 28 to 77 after last menses Correct Answer 2.
Answer: D
Options A, B, and C: Incorrect. Organogenesis extends to
day 77 (11 weeks) after last menses.
Option D: Correct. Days 28 to 77 after last menses
represent the organogenesis (2-9 weeks after conception).
Do not confuse gestational age (calculated from the last
menses) and postconceptional age. Days 14 to 28 post
conception correspond to the implantation and
predifferentiation period.
3. During the first trimester of pregnancy, each of the
following screening tests should be performed except:
Hemoglobin and hematocrit
Group B Streptococcus vaginal-rectal culture
HIV
Urinalysis with Gram stain and culture Correct Answer 3.
Answer: B
Option B: Correct. Group B Streptococcus vaginal-rectal
culture is recommended between 35 and 37 weeks of
gestation and not during the first trimester.
Options A, C, and D: Incorrect. The other three tests
should be completed during the first trimester.
,4. Which of the following is recommended for initial
therapy for a patient experiencing nausea and vomiting in
the first trimester of pregnancy?
Diphenhydramine
Metoclopramide
Ondansetron
Pyridoxine and doxylamine Correct Answer 4. Answer: D
Option A, B, C: Incorrect. Diphenhydramine,
metoclopramie, and ondansetron may be used as second
line agents if pyridoxine and doxylamine are ineffective or
not tolerated by the patient.
Option D: Pyridoxine and doxylamine are recommended
for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
5. Which of the following is the recommended daily dose
of folic acid for a patient who is trying to conceive and
does not have additional risk factors for fetal neural tube
defects?
0.1 mg
0.4 mg
1 mg
4 mg Correct Answer 5. Answer: B
Option B: Correct. ACOG and the USPSTF recommend
0.4 to 0.8 mg of folic acid daily, beginning 1 month before
pregnancy, and continuing through the first trimester.
Option A, C, D: Incorrect. Patients with an increased risk
of fetal neural tube defects (personal or family history of
NTDs, use of antiseizure medications [valproic acid and
carbamazepine], maternal diabetes, obesity, and
mutations in folate-related enzymes, etc.) are
recommended to take 1 to 5 mg of folic acid.
, 6. Which of the following statements regarding thyroid
disorders during pregnancy is true?
All pregnant patients should be screened for thyroid
disorders in the first trimester
For prepregnancy hypothyroidism, empirically increase
levothyroxine dose by 30% once pregnant
Methimazole is the preferred agent for hyperthyroidism
treatment in the first trimester
Levothyroxine should not be used during lactation Correct
Answer 6. Answer: B
Option A: Incorrect. Universal screening of thyroid
disorders in pregnancy is no longer recommended
because identification and treatment of maternal
subclinical hypothyroidism has not been shown to result in
improved pregnancy outcomes or neurocognitive
functioning in children.
Option B: Correct. The dose of levothyroxine should be
increased by 30% from prepregnancy dose once the
patient is pregnant.
Option C: Incorrect. Methimazole is not used for treatment
of hyperthyroidism in the first trimester due to increased
risk of congenital anomalies but is appropriate for use in
the second and third trimester.
Option D: Incorrect. Levothyroxine is considered safe to
use in pregnancy and lactation.
7. Which of the following maternal treatments has not
been associated with a reduction of adverse pregnancy
outcomes?
