Public Health Final Exam Review UTD
questions and answers graded A+
Five Elements in Public Health
1. Population (who)
2. Disease Frequency (when and why)
3. Disease distribution (where)
4. Disease determinants (why?/ what contributed/ what are the risks for acquiring a health
condition)
5. Disease control (how)
Population
A collection of individuals with common characteristics
ex) Place of residence, gender, age group or other physical attributes, or recipients of medical
intervention
Examples of public health improvments
Seatbelt laws, The Water Quality Act of 1965, The New York Highline, etc.
Ethics
Values and norms that are based on agreed sets of standards of right and wrong within a society
,Mortality
Values and norms based on personal normative
Code of Ethics
The lens that the society use to evaluate the performance of the individuals who have assumed
rolled and responsibilities of a specific profession
Values and ethical principles of public health (1-10)
1. No malfeasance: First do no harm
2. Sanctity of life: Saving a life comes before all religious acts
3. Universal Declaration of Human Rights: All humans deserve protection of life, health, and
well-being
4. Individual human rights: Liberty, privacy, and protection from harm
5. Solidarity: Sharing the burden of promoting and maintaining health
6. Beneficence: reduce harm and burdens of disease and suffering
7. Proportionality: Restriction on civil liberties must be legal, legitimate, necessary and use the
least restrictive means available
8. Reciprocity: All have a right to just treatment but share responsibility to ensure justice
especially for those facing heavy social and health burdens
9. Transparency: Honest and truthfulness in the manner and context in which decisions are
made must be clear and accountable
10. Precautionary: Duty to take preventative action to avoid harm even before scientific
certainty has been established
, Values and ethical principles of public health (11-17)
11. Public health officials and policy makers have a duty to act and implement preventative
health measures demonstrated to be effective, safe, and beneficial to population health. Failure
to enforce public health regulations and resulting disease or deaths may constitute negligence
on the part of responsible officials with civil or even criminal penalties
12. Equity: Reduce gender, ethic, social, economic, geographic inequities
13. Cost and Benefits: Economic analysis and consideration of priorities
14. Stewardship: Responsibility of governance to act in a trustworthy and ethical manner
15. Trust: Cooperation between many public and non-governmental stakeholders in health
16. Evidence based: Decisions should be evicence-based and revised, considering new
evidence(s)
17. Responsive to needs: Address challenged as they may be anticipated and occur with close
monitoring of health status
Four reasons for people to behave unethically
1. It is psychologically unsafe to speak up
2. Excessive pressure to reach unrealistic performance
3. Conflicting goals to provoke a sense of unfairness
4. A positive example is not being set by leaders
Dataset
A collection of data that can be manipulated or analyzed as one unit
Datum
questions and answers graded A+
Five Elements in Public Health
1. Population (who)
2. Disease Frequency (when and why)
3. Disease distribution (where)
4. Disease determinants (why?/ what contributed/ what are the risks for acquiring a health
condition)
5. Disease control (how)
Population
A collection of individuals with common characteristics
ex) Place of residence, gender, age group or other physical attributes, or recipients of medical
intervention
Examples of public health improvments
Seatbelt laws, The Water Quality Act of 1965, The New York Highline, etc.
Ethics
Values and norms that are based on agreed sets of standards of right and wrong within a society
,Mortality
Values and norms based on personal normative
Code of Ethics
The lens that the society use to evaluate the performance of the individuals who have assumed
rolled and responsibilities of a specific profession
Values and ethical principles of public health (1-10)
1. No malfeasance: First do no harm
2. Sanctity of life: Saving a life comes before all religious acts
3. Universal Declaration of Human Rights: All humans deserve protection of life, health, and
well-being
4. Individual human rights: Liberty, privacy, and protection from harm
5. Solidarity: Sharing the burden of promoting and maintaining health
6. Beneficence: reduce harm and burdens of disease and suffering
7. Proportionality: Restriction on civil liberties must be legal, legitimate, necessary and use the
least restrictive means available
8. Reciprocity: All have a right to just treatment but share responsibility to ensure justice
especially for those facing heavy social and health burdens
9. Transparency: Honest and truthfulness in the manner and context in which decisions are
made must be clear and accountable
10. Precautionary: Duty to take preventative action to avoid harm even before scientific
certainty has been established
, Values and ethical principles of public health (11-17)
11. Public health officials and policy makers have a duty to act and implement preventative
health measures demonstrated to be effective, safe, and beneficial to population health. Failure
to enforce public health regulations and resulting disease or deaths may constitute negligence
on the part of responsible officials with civil or even criminal penalties
12. Equity: Reduce gender, ethic, social, economic, geographic inequities
13. Cost and Benefits: Economic analysis and consideration of priorities
14. Stewardship: Responsibility of governance to act in a trustworthy and ethical manner
15. Trust: Cooperation between many public and non-governmental stakeholders in health
16. Evidence based: Decisions should be evicence-based and revised, considering new
evidence(s)
17. Responsive to needs: Address challenged as they may be anticipated and occur with close
monitoring of health status
Four reasons for people to behave unethically
1. It is psychologically unsafe to speak up
2. Excessive pressure to reach unrealistic performance
3. Conflicting goals to provoke a sense of unfairness
4. A positive example is not being set by leaders
Dataset
A collection of data that can be manipulated or analyzed as one unit
Datum
