Lab 6: 10-13-22
Respiratory System
● Breathing is ventilation; mechanical movement of air in n out of lungs
● Respiration is chemical process of using oxygen to produce energy
● URI: upper respiratory tract infection including nose, sinuses, pharynx and larynx
● Conchae is the folds, meatuses is narrow air passage way
● 3 general areas that air moves to lungs; NOL:
a. Nasopharynx: contains uvula, between nasal cavity and pharynx
b. Oropharynx: between oral cavity and pharynx, line with stratified squamous
epithelium
c. Laryngopharynx: between the pharynx and area between the larynx and the
esophagus, lined with stratified squamous epithelium
● Pleura reduces friction, pressure gradient,
● Trachea is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium that functions as
mucociliary escalator
● Unpaired cartilages
a. Epiglottic: most superior and makes up epiglottis
b. Thyroid: largest, laryngeal prominence forms here, more prominent in men for
deeper voices
c. Cricoid: connects larynx to trachea
● Paired cartilages:
a. Arytenoid: posterior to thyroid cartilage
b. Corniculate: attached to arytenoid (pair of horns)
, c. Cuneiform: support soft tissue between arytenoid and epiglottis
● Larynx 2 folds:
a. Vestibular folds (false vocal cords): superior pair and function to close glottis
when swallowing
b. Vocal cords (true) produce sound
● Bronchi: multiple
● Bronchus: singular
● Venule: smaller than veins
● Oxygen hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
a. Lower Ph: more acidic- shift to right
b. Body temp, respiration rate, high altitude
● Boyle’s law: Pressure and volume are inversely related (one increases and one decreases)
● Pulmonary artery: blue (on lung)
Pulmonary vein: red (on lungs)
● Pulmonary venule: red (w capillaries microscopic view)
Pulmonary arteriole: blue (w capillaries microscopic view)
● Trachea needed to be in front of esophagus: trachea muscle needs to be against esophagus
Lab 7: 10-20-22
Digestive system & Metabolism/Nutrition
● Food is known as bolus in esophagus
● Chyme: soupy mixture of food in stomach (in small intestine)
● Chyme becomes feces after it travels through ileocecal valve next to cecum (in ascending
colon)
Respiratory System
● Breathing is ventilation; mechanical movement of air in n out of lungs
● Respiration is chemical process of using oxygen to produce energy
● URI: upper respiratory tract infection including nose, sinuses, pharynx and larynx
● Conchae is the folds, meatuses is narrow air passage way
● 3 general areas that air moves to lungs; NOL:
a. Nasopharynx: contains uvula, between nasal cavity and pharynx
b. Oropharynx: between oral cavity and pharynx, line with stratified squamous
epithelium
c. Laryngopharynx: between the pharynx and area between the larynx and the
esophagus, lined with stratified squamous epithelium
● Pleura reduces friction, pressure gradient,
● Trachea is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium that functions as
mucociliary escalator
● Unpaired cartilages
a. Epiglottic: most superior and makes up epiglottis
b. Thyroid: largest, laryngeal prominence forms here, more prominent in men for
deeper voices
c. Cricoid: connects larynx to trachea
● Paired cartilages:
a. Arytenoid: posterior to thyroid cartilage
b. Corniculate: attached to arytenoid (pair of horns)
, c. Cuneiform: support soft tissue between arytenoid and epiglottis
● Larynx 2 folds:
a. Vestibular folds (false vocal cords): superior pair and function to close glottis
when swallowing
b. Vocal cords (true) produce sound
● Bronchi: multiple
● Bronchus: singular
● Venule: smaller than veins
● Oxygen hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
a. Lower Ph: more acidic- shift to right
b. Body temp, respiration rate, high altitude
● Boyle’s law: Pressure and volume are inversely related (one increases and one decreases)
● Pulmonary artery: blue (on lung)
Pulmonary vein: red (on lungs)
● Pulmonary venule: red (w capillaries microscopic view)
Pulmonary arteriole: blue (w capillaries microscopic view)
● Trachea needed to be in front of esophagus: trachea muscle needs to be against esophagus
Lab 7: 10-20-22
Digestive system & Metabolism/Nutrition
● Food is known as bolus in esophagus
● Chyme: soupy mixture of food in stomach (in small intestine)
● Chyme becomes feces after it travels through ileocecal valve next to cecum (in ascending
colon)
