NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Chamberlain University | 100+ Verified
Questions & Correct Answers | A+ Prep Guide
Asthma - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - Correct Answer ✔✔ - coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity
and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - Correct Answer ✔✔ - smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become
the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - Correct Answer ✔✔ - innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the middle layer of the bronchioles
,structure of the lamina propria - Correct Answer ✔✔ - embedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - Correct Answer ✔✔ - white blood cells are present to help protect the
airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - Correct Answer ✔✔ - columnar epithelial
ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - Correct Answer ✔✔ - smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - Correct Answer ✔✔ - control the airways ability
to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - Correct Answer ✔✔ - When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it
should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma
produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - Correct Answer ✔✔ - tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - Correct Answer ✔✔ - These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial constriction
bronchitis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - bronchial inflammation
, hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and
tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - Correct Answer ✔✔ - cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - there is hypoxia due to
unfavorable conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting - Correct Answer ✔✔ - when blood passes from the right ventricle through the
lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -long term exposure to environmental irritants
-repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
Pathogenesis of bronchitis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -Exposure to airborne irritants
- Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus secretion
- Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells located in the lamina propria
most common irritant with bronchitis is? - Correct Answer ✔✔ - tobacco product smoke
what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis? (5) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - - smooth
muscle hypertrophy
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells
- epithelial cell metaplasia
- migration of more WBC to site
- thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membrane
What does smooth muscle hypertrophy do in lungs? - Correct Answer ✔✔ - causes increased
bronchoconstriction
Midterm Chamberlain University | 100+ Verified
Questions & Correct Answers | A+ Prep Guide
Asthma - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - Correct Answer ✔✔ - coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity
and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - Correct Answer ✔✔ - smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become
the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - Correct Answer ✔✔ - innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the middle layer of the bronchioles
,structure of the lamina propria - Correct Answer ✔✔ - embedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - Correct Answer ✔✔ - white blood cells are present to help protect the
airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - Correct Answer ✔✔ - columnar epithelial
ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - Correct Answer ✔✔ - smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - Correct Answer ✔✔ - control the airways ability
to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - Correct Answer ✔✔ - When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it
should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma
produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - Correct Answer ✔✔ - tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - Correct Answer ✔✔ - These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial constriction
bronchitis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - bronchial inflammation
, hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and
tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - Correct Answer ✔✔ - cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - there is hypoxia due to
unfavorable conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting - Correct Answer ✔✔ - when blood passes from the right ventricle through the
lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -long term exposure to environmental irritants
-repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
Pathogenesis of bronchitis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - -Exposure to airborne irritants
- Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus secretion
- Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells located in the lamina propria
most common irritant with bronchitis is? - Correct Answer ✔✔ - tobacco product smoke
what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis? (5) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - - smooth
muscle hypertrophy
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells
- epithelial cell metaplasia
- migration of more WBC to site
- thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membrane
What does smooth muscle hypertrophy do in lungs? - Correct Answer ✔✔ - causes increased
bronchoconstriction
