SCH4U: Structure and Properties Question and answers 100% correct 2025
1. John Daltion E.g. Key Experimental work- theoretical explanation
LAW OF DEFINITE COMPOSITION: elements combine in a characteristic mass
ratio-- each atom has a particular combining capacity
LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS: there may be more than one mass ratio-- some
atoms have more than one combining capacity
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS-- atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a
chemical reaction
John Dalton's ATOMIC THEORY: Matter is composed of indestructible, indivisible
atoms, which are identical for one element but ditterent from other elements.
2. The Thomson
Atomic Theory
(1897)
3. The Ernest An atom is composed of a tiny nucleus which contains +'ve charges & most of the
Rutherford Atom- mass. Very small e-s occupy most of the volume of the atom.
ic Theory
4. Rutherford's Physicist Ernest Rutherford established the nuclear theory of the atom with his
Gold Foil gold-foil experiment. When he shot a beam of alpha particles at a sheet of gold
Experiment foil, a few of the particles were deflected. He concluded that a tiny, dense nucleus
was causing the deflections.
-since the majority passed through this proved the majority of the atom was space
and not what Thomson or Dalton's model theorized.
, SCH4U: Structure and Properties Question and answers 100% correct 2025
5. James Chadwick Discovered the neutron
(1932)
6. Thomson's Cath- • Placing a negatively charged and positively charged plate on either
ode Ray Tube Ex- side of the tube bends the ray.
periment • All metals create the same ray.
• The created particles are >1,000 times smaller than the smallest
atom.
7. Niels Bohr -e-s travel in the atom at quantized energy levels.
-There are a max number of electrons in each orbit
-e-s jump to higher levels when they absorb a photon and drop as one is emitted
- the e-s do not emit energy as they orbit the nucleus
8. Niels Bohr Light Light shining through a gas which is then refracted and separated by a prism is
Spectroscopy separated into unique colours for each element.
1. John Daltion E.g. Key Experimental work- theoretical explanation
LAW OF DEFINITE COMPOSITION: elements combine in a characteristic mass
ratio-- each atom has a particular combining capacity
LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS: there may be more than one mass ratio-- some
atoms have more than one combining capacity
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS-- atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a
chemical reaction
John Dalton's ATOMIC THEORY: Matter is composed of indestructible, indivisible
atoms, which are identical for one element but ditterent from other elements.
2. The Thomson
Atomic Theory
(1897)
3. The Ernest An atom is composed of a tiny nucleus which contains +'ve charges & most of the
Rutherford Atom- mass. Very small e-s occupy most of the volume of the atom.
ic Theory
4. Rutherford's Physicist Ernest Rutherford established the nuclear theory of the atom with his
Gold Foil gold-foil experiment. When he shot a beam of alpha particles at a sheet of gold
Experiment foil, a few of the particles were deflected. He concluded that a tiny, dense nucleus
was causing the deflections.
-since the majority passed through this proved the majority of the atom was space
and not what Thomson or Dalton's model theorized.
, SCH4U: Structure and Properties Question and answers 100% correct 2025
5. James Chadwick Discovered the neutron
(1932)
6. Thomson's Cath- • Placing a negatively charged and positively charged plate on either
ode Ray Tube Ex- side of the tube bends the ray.
periment • All metals create the same ray.
• The created particles are >1,000 times smaller than the smallest
atom.
7. Niels Bohr -e-s travel in the atom at quantized energy levels.
-There are a max number of electrons in each orbit
-e-s jump to higher levels when they absorb a photon and drop as one is emitted
- the e-s do not emit energy as they orbit the nucleus
8. Niels Bohr Light Light shining through a gas which is then refracted and separated by a prism is
Spectroscopy separated into unique colours for each element.
