Campbell Biology 8th Ed Test Bank Chapter 40, Animal
Form/Function
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1) When air temperature exceeds their body temperature, jackrabbits living in hot, arid lands will A)
dilate the blood vessels in their large ears. B) constrict the blood vessels in their large ears. C) increase
movements to find a sunny area. D) bask in a sunny, exposed area. E) begin involuntary shivering of their
skeletal muscles. - (correct Answer) - B Topic: Overview
Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Which choice best describes a reasonable evolutionary mechanism for
animal structures becoming better suited to specific functions? A) Animals that eat the most food
become the most abundant. B) Animals that restrict their food intake will become less abundant. C)
Animals with mutations that give rise to effective structures will become more abundant. D) Animals
with inventions that curtail reproduction will become more abundant. E) Animals with parents that
continually improve their offspringʹs structures will become more abundant. - (correct Answer) - C Topic:
Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 3) Evolutionary adaptations that help diverse animals exchange matter with
the environment include A) gastrovascular activity, two-layered body, and torpedo shape. B) external
respiratory surface, small size, and two-layered body. C) large volume, long tubular body, and wings. D)
complex internal structures, small size, and large surface area. E) unbranched internal surface, small size,
and thick covering. - (correct Answer) - B Topic: Concept 40.1
Application/Analysis 4) Similar fusiform body shapes are seen in sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals
because A) natural selection has no limits when different organisms face the same challenge. B)
respiration through gills is enhanced by having a fusiform shape. C) the laws of physics constrain the
shapes that are possible for aquatic animals that swim very fast. D) the fusiform shape is coded by the
same gene in all three types of animals. E) all three types evolved from ancestral forms that fly in the air.
- (correct Answer) - C Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 5) Regarding the evolution of specialized animal structures, A) the
environment imposes identical problems on all animals regardless of where they are found. B) the
evolution of structure in an animal is influenced by its ability to learn. C) the simplest animals are those
with the most recent appearance among the biota. D) short-term adjustments to environmental changes
are often mediated by physiological organ systems. E) the most complex animals are the ones with the
most ancient evolutionary origin. - (correct Answer) - D Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 6) All animals, whether large or small, have A) an external body surface that
is dry. B) a basic body plan that resembles a two-layered sac. C) a body surface covered with hair to keep
, them warm. D) the ability to enter dormancy when resources become scarce. E) all of their living cells
surrounded by an aqueous medium. - (correct Answer) - E Topic: Concept 40.1
Application/Analysis 7) As body size increases in animals, there is A) a decrease in the surface-to-volume
ratio. B) no further reproduction in aqueous environments. C) the tendency for larger bodies to be more
variable in metabolic rate. D) an increase in migration to tropical areas. E) a greater challenge to
maintaining body warmth in cold environments. - (correct Answer) - A Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 852 Chapter 40, Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function
8) To increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces in the lungs and in the intestines, evolutionary
pressures have A) increased the surface area available for exchange. B) increased the thickness of these
linings. C) increased the number of cell layers. D) decreased the metabolic rate of the cells in these
linings. E) increased the volume of the cells in these linings. - (correct Answer) - A Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 9) A specialized function shared by the many cells lining the lungs and the
lumen of the gut is A) decreased oxygen demand due to the lack of oxygen in foods. B) increased
exchange surface provided by their membranes. C) greater numbers of cell organelles contained within
their cytoplasm. D) greater protection due to increased cellular mass. E) lowered basal metabolic rate
due to cooperation between cells. - (correct Answer) - B Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 10) Interstitial fluid A) is the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra.
B) is the internal environment found inside an animalʹs cells. C) is composed of blood. D) provides for the
exchange of materials between blood and body cells. E) is found inside the small intestine. - (correct
Answer) - D Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 11) Multicellular organisms must keep their cells awash in an ʺinternal
pondʺ because A) feedback signals cannot cross through the interstitial fluid. B) cells need an aqueous
medium for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes. C) this prevents the movement of water due to
osmosis. D) cells need to be protected from nitrogen gas in the atmosphere. E) terrestrial organisms
have not adapted to life in dry environments. - (correct Answer) - B Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 12) Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up
A) organs. B) membranes. C) organ systems. D) organelles. E) organisms. - (correct Answer) - A Topic:
Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 13) An exchange surface is in direct contact with the external environment
in the A) lungs. B) skeletal muscles. C) liver. D) heart. E) brain. - (correct Answer) - A Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 14) The epithelium type with the shortest diffusion distance is A) simple
squamous epithelium. B) simple cuboidal epithelium. C) simple columnar epithelium. D) pseudostratified
ciliated columnar epithelium. E) stratified squamous epithelium. - (correct Answer) - A Topic: Concept
40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 15) The lining of the smallest tubules in the kidneys is composed of A)
connective tissue. B) smooth muscle cells. C) neural tissue. D) epithelial tissue. E) adipose tissue. -
(correct Answer) - D Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 16) An example of a connective tissue is the A) skin. B) nerves. C) blood. D)
Form/Function
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1) When air temperature exceeds their body temperature, jackrabbits living in hot, arid lands will A)
dilate the blood vessels in their large ears. B) constrict the blood vessels in their large ears. C) increase
movements to find a sunny area. D) bask in a sunny, exposed area. E) begin involuntary shivering of their
skeletal muscles. - (correct Answer) - B Topic: Overview
Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Which choice best describes a reasonable evolutionary mechanism for
animal structures becoming better suited to specific functions? A) Animals that eat the most food
become the most abundant. B) Animals that restrict their food intake will become less abundant. C)
Animals with mutations that give rise to effective structures will become more abundant. D) Animals
with inventions that curtail reproduction will become more abundant. E) Animals with parents that
continually improve their offspringʹs structures will become more abundant. - (correct Answer) - C Topic:
Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 3) Evolutionary adaptations that help diverse animals exchange matter with
the environment include A) gastrovascular activity, two-layered body, and torpedo shape. B) external
respiratory surface, small size, and two-layered body. C) large volume, long tubular body, and wings. D)
complex internal structures, small size, and large surface area. E) unbranched internal surface, small size,
and thick covering. - (correct Answer) - B Topic: Concept 40.1
Application/Analysis 4) Similar fusiform body shapes are seen in sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals
because A) natural selection has no limits when different organisms face the same challenge. B)
respiration through gills is enhanced by having a fusiform shape. C) the laws of physics constrain the
shapes that are possible for aquatic animals that swim very fast. D) the fusiform shape is coded by the
same gene in all three types of animals. E) all three types evolved from ancestral forms that fly in the air.
- (correct Answer) - C Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 5) Regarding the evolution of specialized animal structures, A) the
environment imposes identical problems on all animals regardless of where they are found. B) the
evolution of structure in an animal is influenced by its ability to learn. C) the simplest animals are those
with the most recent appearance among the biota. D) short-term adjustments to environmental changes
are often mediated by physiological organ systems. E) the most complex animals are the ones with the
most ancient evolutionary origin. - (correct Answer) - D Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 6) All animals, whether large or small, have A) an external body surface that
is dry. B) a basic body plan that resembles a two-layered sac. C) a body surface covered with hair to keep
, them warm. D) the ability to enter dormancy when resources become scarce. E) all of their living cells
surrounded by an aqueous medium. - (correct Answer) - E Topic: Concept 40.1
Application/Analysis 7) As body size increases in animals, there is A) a decrease in the surface-to-volume
ratio. B) no further reproduction in aqueous environments. C) the tendency for larger bodies to be more
variable in metabolic rate. D) an increase in migration to tropical areas. E) a greater challenge to
maintaining body warmth in cold environments. - (correct Answer) - A Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 852 Chapter 40, Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function
8) To increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces in the lungs and in the intestines, evolutionary
pressures have A) increased the surface area available for exchange. B) increased the thickness of these
linings. C) increased the number of cell layers. D) decreased the metabolic rate of the cells in these
linings. E) increased the volume of the cells in these linings. - (correct Answer) - A Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 9) A specialized function shared by the many cells lining the lungs and the
lumen of the gut is A) decreased oxygen demand due to the lack of oxygen in foods. B) increased
exchange surface provided by their membranes. C) greater numbers of cell organelles contained within
their cytoplasm. D) greater protection due to increased cellular mass. E) lowered basal metabolic rate
due to cooperation between cells. - (correct Answer) - B Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 10) Interstitial fluid A) is the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra.
B) is the internal environment found inside an animalʹs cells. C) is composed of blood. D) provides for the
exchange of materials between blood and body cells. E) is found inside the small intestine. - (correct
Answer) - D Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 11) Multicellular organisms must keep their cells awash in an ʺinternal
pondʺ because A) feedback signals cannot cross through the interstitial fluid. B) cells need an aqueous
medium for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes. C) this prevents the movement of water due to
osmosis. D) cells need to be protected from nitrogen gas in the atmosphere. E) terrestrial organisms
have not adapted to life in dry environments. - (correct Answer) - B Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 12) Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up
A) organs. B) membranes. C) organ systems. D) organelles. E) organisms. - (correct Answer) - A Topic:
Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 13) An exchange surface is in direct contact with the external environment
in the A) lungs. B) skeletal muscles. C) liver. D) heart. E) brain. - (correct Answer) - A Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 14) The epithelium type with the shortest diffusion distance is A) simple
squamous epithelium. B) simple cuboidal epithelium. C) simple columnar epithelium. D) pseudostratified
ciliated columnar epithelium. E) stratified squamous epithelium. - (correct Answer) - A Topic: Concept
40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 15) The lining of the smallest tubules in the kidneys is composed of A)
connective tissue. B) smooth muscle cells. C) neural tissue. D) epithelial tissue. E) adipose tissue. -
(correct Answer) - D Topic: Concept 40.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 16) An example of a connective tissue is the A) skin. B) nerves. C) blood. D)
