history of english literature
William Blake - (correct Answer) - Songs of Innocence and of Experience
o "The Lamb," "The Tiger"
o "The Chimney Sweeper" (in tutorial)
origin of the term romanticism - (correct Answer) - Romance" = originally a name for the French language (e.g.,
"Romance languages")
· In the Middle Ages, many popular stories and legends came from France
· These stories often dealt with idealized figures (knights, ladies) and wild adventures in exotic
locations
· Because these stories came from France, they were called "romances"
o The Romance of the Rose
o The Arthurian stories (English trans. by Sir Thomas Malory)
o The Song of Roland
August Wilhelm Schlegel - (correct Answer) - In the years 1801-04, August Wilhelm Schlegel gave a series of
lectures in Berlin, outlining
what he saw as two types of art:
o "romantic" works, which resembled the old medieval romances --
o and "classic" works, which resembled the works of ancient Greece and Rome
William Wordsworth - (correct Answer) - As a young man, met Samuel Taylor Coleridge: together they
published a book of poems
called Lyrical Ballads
principles of english romanticism - (correct Answer) - Emotion more important than Reason
o Imagination more important than Observation
o Nature more important than Society (reaction to Industrial Revolution)
o Democracy better than Monarchy (response to French Revolution; obviously
,different from medieval romance!)
Blake's poems express his complex philosophy - (correct Answer) - at its heart is a celebration of spontaneous
feeling and freedom as opposed to reason and political tyranny
His most famous poems celebrate - (correct Answer) - simplicity of feeling and natural beauty
Charles Darwin - (correct Answer) - Origin of Species
Thomas Carlyle - (correct Answer) - "Spirit of Mechanism"
Growing readership leads to - (correct Answer) - "Golden Age of the English novel"
Increased interest in realism in the novel, fictions that accurately portray the world
around us (by-product of science?) - (correct Answer) - § Adventure novels - travel, sea, exotic places
§ Sporting novels - fox-hunting, fishing, shooting, etc.
§ "Silver-fork" novels - stories of fashionable life
§ "Newgate fiction" - sensational (and sentimental) crime stories
charles dickens - (correct Answer) - Blends realism with sensationalism, sentiment
Oliver Twist - Orphans, street crime
David Copperfield - Autobiographical story of a boy who works in a factory,
struggles for success
Hard Times - Industrial cities, new methods of education
Great Expectations - (tutorial)
William Makepeace Thackeray - (correct Answer) - Vanity Fair - Satire of wealthy society in the Romantic Age
and, implicitly, his own
time
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) - (correct Answer) - Realistic novels, very morally serious
• Investigated ways our moral attitudes shape our lives
Middlemarch - Realistic study of life in an English country town
The Mill on the Floss -Young woman struggles with rigid Victorian morality
Anthony Trollope - (correct Answer) - Realistic novels of rural life and parliamentary politics
Barchester Towers - Part of a series about life in the English countryside
,Palliser series - Series of novels about politics and fashionable life
Emily Brontë - (correct Answer) - Love and violence in a rural-Gothic setting
Wuthering Heights
Charlotte Brontë - (correct Answer) - Jane Eyre
Love, madness, deception - middle-class heroine and passionate aristocratic hero
Victorian Poetry - (correct Answer) - • Last age of popular literary poetry
• Romanticism remains the dominant approach to poetry
• Loses "prophetic" quality, gains psychological sophistication
Alfred Lord Tennyson - (correct Answer) - Most popular poet of Victorian Age
• Very moody, musical
In Memoriam -Poem sequence about lost friend, filled with Romantic melancholy,
sentiment
Idylls of the King - Poem sequence about King Arthur (Romantic medievalism) but
also concerned with moral, political issues
Robert Browning - (correct Answer) - Intelligent and dramatic - most famous for his dramatic monologues
• These are poems written in the voice of a particular person, displaying the essence of
his or her personality
My Last Duchess," "Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister"
• The Ring and the Book
Pre-Raphaelite poets - (correct Answer) - Named after a society that wanted to return to medieval styles of art
(before Raphael)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Algernon Charles Swinburne
Admirers and imitators of Romantic poets, especially John Keats
• Dreamy, sentimental poems, lush imagery, rich language
Developments from Victorian literature - (correct Answer) - · By the end of the 19th century, Victorian culture
and its values seemed eternal
, Middle-class tastes and values
Moral and religious seriousness
Belief in progress (scientific and cultural)
Patriotism - God, Queen, and Country
Romanticism in poetry
Realism in prose
Growth of popular genres (adventure, crime, etc.)
Rudyard Kipling - (correct Answer) - is the writer most associated with these values in the late Victorian
period
Wrote poems, stories, novels celebrating the British Empire and its colonial
enterprises, especially in India
"The White Man's Burden"
"Gunga Din"
The Jungle Book
Aestheticism - (correct Answer) - Romanticism (with its emphasis on feeling) led to Aestheticism Instead, the
purpose of art was seen as the creation of beauty: "art for art's sake"
· Tennyson and the pre-Raphaelites pioneered this idea with their dreamy medieval
fantasies
· A major advocate of aestheticism in the late-Victorian period is the novelist, poet, and
playwright oscar wilde
Oscar Wilde - (correct Answer) - The Picture of Dorian Gray
The Importance of Being Earnest
Naturalism - (correct Answer) - Realism developed into Naturalism
An extreme form of realism, influenced by French writers like Émile Zola
Naturalist writers embraced the new physical-scientific vision of the world
Often concerned with depicting the harsh realities of life, especially among the lower classes
Abandoned the conventional moral framework seen in earlier Victorian writers like
William Blake - (correct Answer) - Songs of Innocence and of Experience
o "The Lamb," "The Tiger"
o "The Chimney Sweeper" (in tutorial)
origin of the term romanticism - (correct Answer) - Romance" = originally a name for the French language (e.g.,
"Romance languages")
· In the Middle Ages, many popular stories and legends came from France
· These stories often dealt with idealized figures (knights, ladies) and wild adventures in exotic
locations
· Because these stories came from France, they were called "romances"
o The Romance of the Rose
o The Arthurian stories (English trans. by Sir Thomas Malory)
o The Song of Roland
August Wilhelm Schlegel - (correct Answer) - In the years 1801-04, August Wilhelm Schlegel gave a series of
lectures in Berlin, outlining
what he saw as two types of art:
o "romantic" works, which resembled the old medieval romances --
o and "classic" works, which resembled the works of ancient Greece and Rome
William Wordsworth - (correct Answer) - As a young man, met Samuel Taylor Coleridge: together they
published a book of poems
called Lyrical Ballads
principles of english romanticism - (correct Answer) - Emotion more important than Reason
o Imagination more important than Observation
o Nature more important than Society (reaction to Industrial Revolution)
o Democracy better than Monarchy (response to French Revolution; obviously
,different from medieval romance!)
Blake's poems express his complex philosophy - (correct Answer) - at its heart is a celebration of spontaneous
feeling and freedom as opposed to reason and political tyranny
His most famous poems celebrate - (correct Answer) - simplicity of feeling and natural beauty
Charles Darwin - (correct Answer) - Origin of Species
Thomas Carlyle - (correct Answer) - "Spirit of Mechanism"
Growing readership leads to - (correct Answer) - "Golden Age of the English novel"
Increased interest in realism in the novel, fictions that accurately portray the world
around us (by-product of science?) - (correct Answer) - § Adventure novels - travel, sea, exotic places
§ Sporting novels - fox-hunting, fishing, shooting, etc.
§ "Silver-fork" novels - stories of fashionable life
§ "Newgate fiction" - sensational (and sentimental) crime stories
charles dickens - (correct Answer) - Blends realism with sensationalism, sentiment
Oliver Twist - Orphans, street crime
David Copperfield - Autobiographical story of a boy who works in a factory,
struggles for success
Hard Times - Industrial cities, new methods of education
Great Expectations - (tutorial)
William Makepeace Thackeray - (correct Answer) - Vanity Fair - Satire of wealthy society in the Romantic Age
and, implicitly, his own
time
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) - (correct Answer) - Realistic novels, very morally serious
• Investigated ways our moral attitudes shape our lives
Middlemarch - Realistic study of life in an English country town
The Mill on the Floss -Young woman struggles with rigid Victorian morality
Anthony Trollope - (correct Answer) - Realistic novels of rural life and parliamentary politics
Barchester Towers - Part of a series about life in the English countryside
,Palliser series - Series of novels about politics and fashionable life
Emily Brontë - (correct Answer) - Love and violence in a rural-Gothic setting
Wuthering Heights
Charlotte Brontë - (correct Answer) - Jane Eyre
Love, madness, deception - middle-class heroine and passionate aristocratic hero
Victorian Poetry - (correct Answer) - • Last age of popular literary poetry
• Romanticism remains the dominant approach to poetry
• Loses "prophetic" quality, gains psychological sophistication
Alfred Lord Tennyson - (correct Answer) - Most popular poet of Victorian Age
• Very moody, musical
In Memoriam -Poem sequence about lost friend, filled with Romantic melancholy,
sentiment
Idylls of the King - Poem sequence about King Arthur (Romantic medievalism) but
also concerned with moral, political issues
Robert Browning - (correct Answer) - Intelligent and dramatic - most famous for his dramatic monologues
• These are poems written in the voice of a particular person, displaying the essence of
his or her personality
My Last Duchess," "Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister"
• The Ring and the Book
Pre-Raphaelite poets - (correct Answer) - Named after a society that wanted to return to medieval styles of art
(before Raphael)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Algernon Charles Swinburne
Admirers and imitators of Romantic poets, especially John Keats
• Dreamy, sentimental poems, lush imagery, rich language
Developments from Victorian literature - (correct Answer) - · By the end of the 19th century, Victorian culture
and its values seemed eternal
, Middle-class tastes and values
Moral and religious seriousness
Belief in progress (scientific and cultural)
Patriotism - God, Queen, and Country
Romanticism in poetry
Realism in prose
Growth of popular genres (adventure, crime, etc.)
Rudyard Kipling - (correct Answer) - is the writer most associated with these values in the late Victorian
period
Wrote poems, stories, novels celebrating the British Empire and its colonial
enterprises, especially in India
"The White Man's Burden"
"Gunga Din"
The Jungle Book
Aestheticism - (correct Answer) - Romanticism (with its emphasis on feeling) led to Aestheticism Instead, the
purpose of art was seen as the creation of beauty: "art for art's sake"
· Tennyson and the pre-Raphaelites pioneered this idea with their dreamy medieval
fantasies
· A major advocate of aestheticism in the late-Victorian period is the novelist, poet, and
playwright oscar wilde
Oscar Wilde - (correct Answer) - The Picture of Dorian Gray
The Importance of Being Earnest
Naturalism - (correct Answer) - Realism developed into Naturalism
An extreme form of realism, influenced by French writers like Émile Zola
Naturalist writers embraced the new physical-scientific vision of the world
Often concerned with depicting the harsh realities of life, especially among the lower classes
Abandoned the conventional moral framework seen in earlier Victorian writers like
