NR565 / NR 565 Final Exam Question Bank (Latest
2025): Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals -
Chamberlain | GET IT CORRECT!!
What is significant about the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? -
...(ANSWERS)....It is where the least blood flow occurs, rhe most damage occurs in
the PCT when ischemia happens
What enzyme is obtained from the kidney? - ...(ANSWERS)....Erythropoieten
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is made where? What does it do? -
...(ANSWERS)....It is made in the lungs; to activate angiotensin 1 in the kidneys.
What is most important for the filtration process? - ...(ANSWERS)....Blood
hydrostatic pressure
What are the functions of the kidney? - ...(ANSWERS)....Sodium/water removal,
waste removal, hormone production
What is acute renal failure? - ...(ANSWERS)....sudden loss of kidney function due
to an illness, Injury, drug, Or toxin that stresses the kidneys. ARF can be reversible
What is chronic Renal failure? - ...(ANSWERS)....A long slow process where the
kidney looses its ability to function, it occurs in different stages
, What is end stage renal disease? - ...(ANSWERS)....Irreversible loss of kidney
function
What are the types of ARF? - ...(ANSWERS)....Prerenal, intravenal, post renal
What is the most common cause of ARF? - ...(ANSWERS)....Pre renal
What happens when pre Renal is not treated? - ...(ANSWERS)....It can turn into
intrinsic/ intrarenal and damage inside
What is pre-renal failure? - ...(ANSWERS)....When the damage is before the
kidneys due to decreased blood flow from volume depletion or hypoperfusion
Give examples of volume depletion and hypoperfusion - ...(ANSWERS)....Too
many diuretics, vomiting and diarrhea, hemorrhage;
Decreased cardiac output due to hf and artheroschlerosis
Explain pathophysiology of pre renal failure - ...(ANSWERS)....Decreased blood
flow means decreased GFR, decreased GFR means decreased renal blood flow,
then decreased GFR activates RAAS. Angiotensin secretes aldosterone which
increases BP volume
If creatinine is elevated.... - ...(ANSWERS)....GFR is decreased
2025): Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals -
Chamberlain | GET IT CORRECT!!
What is significant about the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? -
...(ANSWERS)....It is where the least blood flow occurs, rhe most damage occurs in
the PCT when ischemia happens
What enzyme is obtained from the kidney? - ...(ANSWERS)....Erythropoieten
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is made where? What does it do? -
...(ANSWERS)....It is made in the lungs; to activate angiotensin 1 in the kidneys.
What is most important for the filtration process? - ...(ANSWERS)....Blood
hydrostatic pressure
What are the functions of the kidney? - ...(ANSWERS)....Sodium/water removal,
waste removal, hormone production
What is acute renal failure? - ...(ANSWERS)....sudden loss of kidney function due
to an illness, Injury, drug, Or toxin that stresses the kidneys. ARF can be reversible
What is chronic Renal failure? - ...(ANSWERS)....A long slow process where the
kidney looses its ability to function, it occurs in different stages
, What is end stage renal disease? - ...(ANSWERS)....Irreversible loss of kidney
function
What are the types of ARF? - ...(ANSWERS)....Prerenal, intravenal, post renal
What is the most common cause of ARF? - ...(ANSWERS)....Pre renal
What happens when pre Renal is not treated? - ...(ANSWERS)....It can turn into
intrinsic/ intrarenal and damage inside
What is pre-renal failure? - ...(ANSWERS)....When the damage is before the
kidneys due to decreased blood flow from volume depletion or hypoperfusion
Give examples of volume depletion and hypoperfusion - ...(ANSWERS)....Too
many diuretics, vomiting and diarrhea, hemorrhage;
Decreased cardiac output due to hf and artheroschlerosis
Explain pathophysiology of pre renal failure - ...(ANSWERS)....Decreased blood
flow means decreased GFR, decreased GFR means decreased renal blood flow,
then decreased GFR activates RAAS. Angiotensin secretes aldosterone which
increases BP volume
If creatinine is elevated.... - ...(ANSWERS)....GFR is decreased
