MODULE 3 CNSL 503 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
PASS
Statistic - ANSWERa numerical value that is generated from the individual scores in the
dataset of a sample.
Parameter - ANSWERa numerical value generated from the individual scores in the
dataset of the entire population.
representative sample - ANSWERcomposed of members that generally possess the
same characteristics as those of the population. If a sample is not representative of the
population, then it is said to be biased.
Biased - ANSWERif a sample is not representative of the population
What is the goal of sampling? - ANSWERto gather data that can be used to make
predictions or generalizations about a population
Random sampling - ANSWERin which every member of the population has an equal
chance of being selected, increases the reliability of the study results.
What are 5 sampling techniques? - ANSWERSimple Random sampling
Stratified sampling
cluster sampling
systematic sampling
convenience sampling
simple random sampling - ANSWERoccurs when each individual in the population of
size has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. If you have ever written
individual names on separate pieces of paper, placed all the pieces of paper in a hat,
and selected names from the hat, you have conducted simple random sampling.
Stratified sampling - ANSWERa type of random sampling used when a population can
be divided into subgroups called strata. It involves randomly gathering data from
subgroups within a sample. Strata such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status are
clearly defined.
, Cluster sampling - ANSWERused to select clusters of participants from within a
population.
dividing a population into subgroups known as clusters and then randomly selecting
several groups (clusters) for the study.
everyone is studies inside the selected cluster
systematic sampling - ANSWERinvolves establishing a rule for how sample members
will be selected. ie every 100th person
convenience sampling - ANSWERinvolves selecting individuals because they just
happen to be at a certain place. For example, if you wanted to survey people in town
about their dining out habits, it would be convenient to go to the local diner and
interview restaurant-goers as they left the diner.
Doesn't result in a representative sample
sampling error - ANSWERThough samples provide valuable insights about populations,
the sample statistics will deviate somewhat from population parameters. This is the
nature of random sampling. Any deviation between a statistic and a parameter
How to reduce sampling error? - ANSWER- larger sample size greater that 30
-use stratified sampling
non-sampling errors - ANSWERsample bias; occurs when the researcher has a mistake
in the data collection or measurement process.
What are 3 non-sampling errors? - ANSWERmeasurement bias
response bias
selection bias
measurement bias - ANSWERresult from poorly worded or misleading questions on a
survey or even technical errors in a computer survey.
response bias - ANSWERwhen participants respond to surveys with inaccurate,
untruthful, or exaggerated responses.
Selection bias - ANSWERoccurs if those who respond or participate in a study are not a
truly representative sample of the population.
sampling distribution - ANSWERa frequency distribution of each statistic from every
possible sample of a given size η from the population.
Distribution of sample means - ANSWERthe most common sampling statistic
represented in a sampling distribution. It is the frequency distribution of each mean from
all possible samples of a given size (η) from a population.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
PASS
Statistic - ANSWERa numerical value that is generated from the individual scores in the
dataset of a sample.
Parameter - ANSWERa numerical value generated from the individual scores in the
dataset of the entire population.
representative sample - ANSWERcomposed of members that generally possess the
same characteristics as those of the population. If a sample is not representative of the
population, then it is said to be biased.
Biased - ANSWERif a sample is not representative of the population
What is the goal of sampling? - ANSWERto gather data that can be used to make
predictions or generalizations about a population
Random sampling - ANSWERin which every member of the population has an equal
chance of being selected, increases the reliability of the study results.
What are 5 sampling techniques? - ANSWERSimple Random sampling
Stratified sampling
cluster sampling
systematic sampling
convenience sampling
simple random sampling - ANSWERoccurs when each individual in the population of
size has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. If you have ever written
individual names on separate pieces of paper, placed all the pieces of paper in a hat,
and selected names from the hat, you have conducted simple random sampling.
Stratified sampling - ANSWERa type of random sampling used when a population can
be divided into subgroups called strata. It involves randomly gathering data from
subgroups within a sample. Strata such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status are
clearly defined.
, Cluster sampling - ANSWERused to select clusters of participants from within a
population.
dividing a population into subgroups known as clusters and then randomly selecting
several groups (clusters) for the study.
everyone is studies inside the selected cluster
systematic sampling - ANSWERinvolves establishing a rule for how sample members
will be selected. ie every 100th person
convenience sampling - ANSWERinvolves selecting individuals because they just
happen to be at a certain place. For example, if you wanted to survey people in town
about their dining out habits, it would be convenient to go to the local diner and
interview restaurant-goers as they left the diner.
Doesn't result in a representative sample
sampling error - ANSWERThough samples provide valuable insights about populations,
the sample statistics will deviate somewhat from population parameters. This is the
nature of random sampling. Any deviation between a statistic and a parameter
How to reduce sampling error? - ANSWER- larger sample size greater that 30
-use stratified sampling
non-sampling errors - ANSWERsample bias; occurs when the researcher has a mistake
in the data collection or measurement process.
What are 3 non-sampling errors? - ANSWERmeasurement bias
response bias
selection bias
measurement bias - ANSWERresult from poorly worded or misleading questions on a
survey or even technical errors in a computer survey.
response bias - ANSWERwhen participants respond to surveys with inaccurate,
untruthful, or exaggerated responses.
Selection bias - ANSWERoccurs if those who respond or participate in a study are not a
truly representative sample of the population.
sampling distribution - ANSWERa frequency distribution of each statistic from every
possible sample of a given size η from the population.
Distribution of sample means - ANSWERthe most common sampling statistic
represented in a sampling distribution. It is the frequency distribution of each mean from
all possible samples of a given size (η) from a population.
