MCCANCE & HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR
DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 9TH EDITION
MCCANCE & HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE
BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND
CHILDREN 9TH EDITION. LATEST 2025/2026 UPDATE.
GRADED A+ EXAM STUDY GUIDE.
,MCCANCE & HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR
DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 9TH EDITION
CHAPTER 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGdrToBg.CenOMperoxide (H2O2) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is
a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes
,MCCANCE & HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR
DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 9TH EDITION
from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from
the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which
catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are
involved in enzyme production.
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
pancreascells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome for
synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cellmembrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the Golgi complex
for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options do
not correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S =
, MCCANCE & HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR
DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 9TH EDITION
synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which
RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of
DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in and out
of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles called ions
or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions,
particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for
example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment. The
other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for whichhuman
diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not
correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 15
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane? NURSINGTB.COM
a. Carbohydrate chains c. Membrane channel proteins
DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 9TH EDITION
MCCANCE & HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE
BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND
CHILDREN 9TH EDITION. LATEST 2025/2026 UPDATE.
GRADED A+ EXAM STUDY GUIDE.
,MCCANCE & HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR
DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 9TH EDITION
CHAPTER 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGdrToBg.CenOMperoxide (H2O2) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is
a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes
,MCCANCE & HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR
DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 9TH EDITION
from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from
the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which
catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are
involved in enzyme production.
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
pancreascells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome for
synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cellmembrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the Golgi complex
for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options do
not correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S =
, MCCANCE & HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR
DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 9TH EDITION
synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which
RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of
DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in and out
of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles called ions
or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions,
particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for
example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment. The
other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for whichhuman
diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not
correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 15
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane? NURSINGTB.COM
a. Carbohydrate chains c. Membrane channel proteins
