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Samenvatting - Experimenteel onderzoek

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Samenvatting van het correlatieve en experimentele ondereel van de cursus basis onderzoeksmethoden en statistiek

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Basisonderzoek en statistiek



Samenvatting
BOS – Deel: experimenteel




Hurk, A. van den (Anouk)
27-10-2020

,Inhoud
Causale relatie .............................................................................................................................. 2

Causale relatie.................................................................................................................................................... 2

Gerandomiseerd experiment ......................................................................................................................... 2

Onderzoeksvraag .............................................................................................................................................. 2

Stappenplan NHST - T-test .......................................................................................................... 3

Type I en II fouten......................................................................................................................... 5

Signitificantieniveau en type I fout............................................................................................................... 5

Power ................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Grootte van de steekproef.............................................................................................................................. 5

Puntschatting ..................................................................................................................................................... 5

Betrouwbaarheidsinterval .............................................................................................................................. 6

Validiteit ....................................................................................................................................... 6

Interne validiteit........................................................................................................................... 7

Bedreigingen interne validiteit ...................................................................................................................... 7

Replicatie ...................................................................................................................................... 8

Bayesiaanse hypothese analyse .................................................................................................. 9

Bayes factor........................................................................................................................................................ 9

Posterior Model Kansen (PMK’s) ................................................................................................................ 10

Bayesian updating .......................................................................................................................................... 10

Stappenplan Bayesiaanse hypothese analyse T-toets ............................................................. 11

Stappenplan NHST – Eenweg ANOVA ....................................................................................... 12

Post hoc toets............................................................................................................................. 14

Stappenplan Bayesiaanse – Eenweg ANOVA ............................................................................ 15

Informatieve hypothesen ............................................................................................................................. 15

Hoofd- en interactie effecten .................................................................................................... 17

Stappenplan NHST – Tweeweg ANOVA .................................................................................... 18

Stappenplan Bayesiaans – Tweeweg ANOVA ........................................................................... 20

Verschil NHST en Bayes ............................................................................................................. 22

, Causale relatie
Causale relatie
- Begrijpen hoe de sociale werkelijkheid in elkaar zit
- Beïnvloeden van werkelijkheid
- Wat is het effect van X op Y?


• Covariance = relatie
• Temporal precedence = voorafgaan aan..
• Internal validity = alternatieve verklaringen uitgesloten


Gerandomiseerd experiment
- Internal validity bewaken
- Groepen op basis van randomisatie
- De onderzoeker manipuleert 1 variablele
- Effect meten op de andere variabale
- Grootste kans dat in de groepen: de gemiddelde scores en spreiding in scores op alle
variabelen, zowel gemeten als ongemeten, bij aanvang vergelijkbar zijn
- Probleem bij kleine groepen: non-respons, relevante kenmerken niet gelijkmatig verdeeld


Causale variabele Gemeten variabele
Gemanipuleerde variabele Uitkomst variabele
Onafhankelijke variabele Afhankelijke variabele
Conditie Resultaat (effect op..)
X Y = effect meten, hangt dit af van x?


Control variabele
(control groep)


Onafhankelijke groepen = groepen mensen worden een variabele (hands / no-hands)


Onderzoeksvraag
Population = de groep mensen, over wie wil je iets zeggen?
Intervention = onafhankelijke variabele x  groepen vergelijken
Comparison = welke groepen worden vergeleken?
Outcome = (gemeten) afhankelijke variabele

Connected book
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Publisher: oktober 2011 ISBN: 9780393445213 Edition: 5

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