Pathophysiology NUR 231
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1. pathophysiology: study of functional or physiologic change that result in a dis-
ruption of normal function
2. physiology: normal day to day function
3. pathology: the directly observable lab study of cell and tissue changes associat-
ed with disease, study of observable changes
4. pathologist: physician who looks for changes in cell and tissue
5. health: the state of an organism when it functions in homeostasis
6. disease: an interruption, cessation or disorder of body functions, systems or
organs
7. homeostasis: state of equilibrium, what the body wants
8. negative feedback loop: output of system acts to oppose changes from the input
of the system, resulting stability
9. positive feedback loop: output is unable to attenuate an input change resulting
in an imbalance of system, often results in disease, heart failure - the body's
response makes problem worse
10. diagnosis: signs and symptoms together
11. signs: what we see
12. symptoms: what patient tells us
13. etiology: causes of the disease, how did we get the disease
14. predisposing factors: risk factors for developing a disease
15. pathogeneisis: process of beginning the disease, goes with etiology, what
caused the start of the disease
16. syndrome: compilation of signs and symptoms that point toward a diagnosis,
AIDS - signs and lab work, compilation of signs and symptoms together
17. insidious: a gradual progression with very vague of mild signs
18. prognosis: how bad is it? what are the chances of recovery?
19. morbidity: how many people have the disease, negatively affects quality of life
20. mortality: causes death
21. epidemiology: study of disease in a population
22. pathophysiology: identifies disease before it shows signs and symptoms, cel-
lular changes
23. atrophy: loss of growth, muscle growth diminishes
24. hypertrophy: increase in the size of individual cells
25. hyperplasia: increase in the number of cells, healthy growth just more cells
26. metaplasia: cell changes from one cell type to another. ciliated epithelial cells
in smoker changes to regular cubodal cell
27. dysplasia: cells vary in size, shape and nucleus size/shape. less cell differenti-
ation, precursor to cancer
28. anaplasia: cells lack differentiation, cancerous
1/8
, Pathophysiology NUR 231
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29. neoplasm: new growth, malignant or benign
30. idiopathic: unknown cause
31. iatrogenic: caused by treatment, procedure or error
32. acute: initial injury, localized
33. chronic: long term, less inflammation
34. nosocomial: hospital acquired infection
35. communicable: ability to spread from one person to another
36. sudden: fast onset of disease
37. prevalence: how many have disease
38. incidence: how many have disease during a certain period of time
39. hypoxia: lack of oxygen
40. ischemia: lack of blood flow, lack of oxygen and glucose to areas because of
lack of blood flow, decreased ability to produce energy
41. Necrosis/death: cellular death, messy
42. Liquefaction necrosis: tissue liquified by lysosomal enzymes
43. coagulative necrosis: dead tissue retains form
44. fat necrosis: fatty acids are broken down and form soap
45. caseous necrosis: cheesy/curdled
46. infarction/necrosis: cellular death resulting from hypoxia
47. gangrene: an area of necrotic tissue which has been infected by bacteria
48. exudate: fluid collection at site of increased vascular permeability
49. serous: clear, yellow, fluid
50. fibrinous: high amounts of fibrin in fluid
51. purulent: many dead WBC, pus
52. abcess: walled off protected purulent exudate
53. hemmorrhagic: blood in fluid, injury causes artery vein compromise
54. dry gangrene: result of coagulative necrosis
55. wet gangrene: neutrophils invade site causing liquefactive necrosis-found in
internal organs
56. gas gangrene: caused by clostridium, destroy tissue, produce gas
57. necrotising fascitis: infection in finger that runs under the skin following the
fasci. Can lead to infection in other parts of body
58. keloid: hypertrophic scar tissue formation
59. contracture: a permanent shortening of muscle or scar tissue that distorts or
deforms (joints)
60. 1st intention healing: sutured, minimal amount of skin opening, small amount
of granulation tissue, small scar, resolution-regeneration
61. 2nd intention healing: open healing, large wound, chronic wound, large area
of granular tissue - large scar, repair
2/8
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hj3loe
1. pathophysiology: study of functional or physiologic change that result in a dis-
ruption of normal function
2. physiology: normal day to day function
3. pathology: the directly observable lab study of cell and tissue changes associat-
ed with disease, study of observable changes
4. pathologist: physician who looks for changes in cell and tissue
5. health: the state of an organism when it functions in homeostasis
6. disease: an interruption, cessation or disorder of body functions, systems or
organs
7. homeostasis: state of equilibrium, what the body wants
8. negative feedback loop: output of system acts to oppose changes from the input
of the system, resulting stability
9. positive feedback loop: output is unable to attenuate an input change resulting
in an imbalance of system, often results in disease, heart failure - the body's
response makes problem worse
10. diagnosis: signs and symptoms together
11. signs: what we see
12. symptoms: what patient tells us
13. etiology: causes of the disease, how did we get the disease
14. predisposing factors: risk factors for developing a disease
15. pathogeneisis: process of beginning the disease, goes with etiology, what
caused the start of the disease
16. syndrome: compilation of signs and symptoms that point toward a diagnosis,
AIDS - signs and lab work, compilation of signs and symptoms together
17. insidious: a gradual progression with very vague of mild signs
18. prognosis: how bad is it? what are the chances of recovery?
19. morbidity: how many people have the disease, negatively affects quality of life
20. mortality: causes death
21. epidemiology: study of disease in a population
22. pathophysiology: identifies disease before it shows signs and symptoms, cel-
lular changes
23. atrophy: loss of growth, muscle growth diminishes
24. hypertrophy: increase in the size of individual cells
25. hyperplasia: increase in the number of cells, healthy growth just more cells
26. metaplasia: cell changes from one cell type to another. ciliated epithelial cells
in smoker changes to regular cubodal cell
27. dysplasia: cells vary in size, shape and nucleus size/shape. less cell differenti-
ation, precursor to cancer
28. anaplasia: cells lack differentiation, cancerous
1/8
, Pathophysiology NUR 231
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hj3loe
29. neoplasm: new growth, malignant or benign
30. idiopathic: unknown cause
31. iatrogenic: caused by treatment, procedure or error
32. acute: initial injury, localized
33. chronic: long term, less inflammation
34. nosocomial: hospital acquired infection
35. communicable: ability to spread from one person to another
36. sudden: fast onset of disease
37. prevalence: how many have disease
38. incidence: how many have disease during a certain period of time
39. hypoxia: lack of oxygen
40. ischemia: lack of blood flow, lack of oxygen and glucose to areas because of
lack of blood flow, decreased ability to produce energy
41. Necrosis/death: cellular death, messy
42. Liquefaction necrosis: tissue liquified by lysosomal enzymes
43. coagulative necrosis: dead tissue retains form
44. fat necrosis: fatty acids are broken down and form soap
45. caseous necrosis: cheesy/curdled
46. infarction/necrosis: cellular death resulting from hypoxia
47. gangrene: an area of necrotic tissue which has been infected by bacteria
48. exudate: fluid collection at site of increased vascular permeability
49. serous: clear, yellow, fluid
50. fibrinous: high amounts of fibrin in fluid
51. purulent: many dead WBC, pus
52. abcess: walled off protected purulent exudate
53. hemmorrhagic: blood in fluid, injury causes artery vein compromise
54. dry gangrene: result of coagulative necrosis
55. wet gangrene: neutrophils invade site causing liquefactive necrosis-found in
internal organs
56. gas gangrene: caused by clostridium, destroy tissue, produce gas
57. necrotising fascitis: infection in finger that runs under the skin following the
fasci. Can lead to infection in other parts of body
58. keloid: hypertrophic scar tissue formation
59. contracture: a permanent shortening of muscle or scar tissue that distorts or
deforms (joints)
60. 1st intention healing: sutured, minimal amount of skin opening, small amount
of granulation tissue, small scar, resolution-regeneration
61. 2nd intention healing: open healing, large wound, chronic wound, large area
of granular tissue - large scar, repair
2/8
