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Mr. Matthew states that because he has smoked for 40 years, he always has a
cough in the morning. The nurse performs a lung assessment and auscultates
fine crackles bilaterally in the upper lobes. The nurse realizes Mr. Matthew is at
risk for pneumonia. Which action should the nurse implement?
A. Teach Mr. Matthew's about the effects of smoking
B. Encourage Mr. Matthew to ambulate in the hall three times a day.
C. Teach Mr. Matthew to take ten deep breaths an hour while awake.
D. Ask Mr. Matthew if there is a family history of lung cancer. - ANSWER-C.
Teach Mr. Matthew to take ten deep breaths an hour while awake.
Rationale: Deep breathing can help prevent atelectasis, which can lead to
pneumonia. "A" is not right because knowledge of the effects of smoking is
important, but is not the nurse's most immediate concern. "D" is not right
because obtaining a family history of lung cancer is not an action that will
benefit a client at risk for pneumonia.
The nurse demonstrates the proper technique for deep-breathing. When Mr.
Matthew returns the deep-breathing exercise demonstration, he raises his
shoulders during inspiration. What is the best response by the nurse?
A. Assess the client's oxygen saturation level using a pulse oximeter
B. Help the client perform the correct technique for deep-breathing exercises.
,C. Encourage the client to practice this exercise every 2 hours.
D. Notify the healthcare provider that a prescription for a incentive spirometer
is needed. - ANSWER-B. Help the client perform the correct technique for
deep-breathing exercises.
Rationale: Mr. Matthew's has not demonstrated correct technique, the nurse
should help him place his hands on his abdomen above the belly button and
instruct him to try and breathe in and make his hands go up. This method is
generally effective in teaching the client deep-breathing by using the diaphragm
(abdominal breathing) to expand the lungs.
The assessment scale results help the nurse to recognize Mr. Matthew is at risk
for impaired skin integrity because of decreased nutrition and mobility. The
nurse develops a plan of care with the UAP. Which nursing action should be
included in the plan?
A. Reposition Mr. Matthew in bed to a 90-degree side-lying position every 2
hours.
B. Reposition Mr. Matthew in bed from supine to a 60-degree side-lying
position every 2 hours.
C. Remind Mrs. Matthew's that her husband should be repositioned every 2
hours.
D. Massage Mr. Matthew's reddened, bony prominences with lotion every 2
hours. - ANSWER-B. Reposition Mr. Matthew in bed from supine to a 60-
degree side-lying position every 2 hours.
Rationale: The client should be repositioned every 2 hours. The 60-degree angle
for the lateral position provides comfort without placing excessive pressure on
the greater trochanter. "C" is not correct because it is not the wife's
responsibility. "D" is not correct because redness of the skin over a bony
prominences may indicate that the skin is damaged, massaging the reddened
area may further damage the tissue; the normal skin around the reddened skin
can be massaged to stimulate circulation.
, After sitting on the floor for a few minutes, Mr. Matthew is helped to a standing
position by the nurse and the UAP. He is able to walk to the bathroom and back
to bed without further problems. After Mr. Matthew is safely back in bed, he
asks the nurse, "What caused me to feel faint?" How should the nurse respond
to Mr. Matthews?
A. "That is a good question. Sometimes these things just happen."
B. "That is a good question. We need to ask the healthcare provider to explain it
to you."
C. "You are deficient of energy from the lack of nutrition for many days."
D. "You probably experienced postural hypotension. Let me explain." -
ANSWER-D. "You probably experienced postural hypotension. Let me
explain."
Rationale: Postural hypotension can occur when the client has been lying or
sitting for a prolonged period and quickly rises to an erect position. The systolic
blood pressure must drop a minimum of 20 points to be considered postural
hypotension.
Because Mr. Matthew stayed in bed for a week prior to hospitalization and has
had only limited ambulation while in the hospital, the nurse is concerned about
muscle atrophy. What should the nurse implement to prevent muscle atrophy?
A. Teach Mr. Matthew to perform exercises such as gluteal sets and quadriceps
sets 5 times every 2 hours while awake.
B. Teach Mr. Matthew to perform active range of motion exercises of his arms
and legs twice a day.
C. Instruct the UAPs to perform passive range of motion exercises twice a day.
D. Instruct the UAPs to reposition Mr. Matthew in bed every 2 hours while
awake. - ANSWER-A. Teach Mr. Matthew to perform exercises such as gluteal
sets and quadriceps sets 5 times every 2 hours while awake.